Partitions On Linux

Aug 2, 2009

I have a linux server with cPanel and 500GB Disk Space. After investigating I think I would have the following partitions.

/
/boot
/home
/dev/shm
/tmp
/usr
/var

how much to allow to each partition. I will be using the server for hosting accounts, shared and resellers.

Also what would you recommend the swap file size be?

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I have an dedi with 2 x 250 gb hd's with raid-1.
Now I just have one partition / for whole drive.

Should I re-install and make proper partitions?

Which partitions you recommend??

I will backup to a local folder /cpbackup and rsync from there to nas.

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Apr 26, 2009

more experience Linux users to partition my dedi into VPS. I have an Intel Quadcore 2.4 Ghz, 500GB HDD, 2GB DDR RAM, dedicated server with a max 100mbit connection and 2000GB BW/mo. It has Centos 5.3 (centos-release-5-3.el5.centos.1) installed on the server and I want to install the DirectAdmin CP soon.

I'm not a reseller or webhost and don't intend to become one. This server is for my exclusive use.

I want to use half the server to run virtual instances of a Windows 2008 server and a KDE or similar Linux virtual desktop using FreeNX as well as a 4PSA VoIP Now or similar software. The other half of the drive will be to run my businesses websites, mailserver, a DNS server, etc.

I have six IP addresses for this server that can be used to this end and will host at least three websites (under separate domain names) and one or two blogs for which I will install requisite software.

I understand that the RHEL 5 embedded virtualization software will allow me to partition the server into VPS for various purposes.

Here are the outputs from ckdisk -l and parted -l respectively for the current HDD partitions.

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 60801 488279610 8e Linux LVM
[root@denprivatevaert ~]# parted -l

Model: ATA ST3500320AS (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot
2 107MB 500GB 500GB primary lvm

Error: Unable to open /dev/md0 - unrecognised disk label.

For the DA install, so I don't have to try to figure out where things are, I'd like to use their more complex partition structure as follows:

/boot 40 meg
swap 2 x memory
/tmp 1 Gig. Highly recommended to mount /tmp with noexec,nosuid in /etc/fstab
/ 6-10 Gig
/usr 5-12 gig. Just DA data, source code, frontpage.
/home rest of drive. Roughly 80% for user data. Mount with nosuid in /etc/fstab if possible.

I will install dovecot to be able to create SSL access to my webmail so don't need a '/var' directory.

What I want to know is:

1) Should install virtualization and partition the drive prior to having DA installed?

2) How do I best partition the drive into VPSes so I can run distinctly different virtual instances of different OS and/or programs on the VPS as well as use half for websites, blogs, servers, etc.?

3) What else do I have to keep in mind when doing this?

I'd appreciate any positive, useful response and information on getting this done and I'd like to try to get this done by Monday or Tuesday of next week so DA can be installed on the appropriate partition.

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With 2 TB disks and a 16 disk array, it's possible to have a single 28 TB volume (after deducting RAID5 parity overhead and a hot-spare disk). I've seen arrays from Aberdeen with 48 and 96 disks, for nearly 200 TB. Windows supports up to 256 TB per volume when 64K cluster sizes are used.

Our backup system uses a ton of storage space, and it would be far more convenient, and more efficient from a utilization standpoint, to access that space as a single volume.

Breaking it up into smaller chunks, such as 2 TB each, means we have to make a "best guess" on balancing actual need.

For example, if we assign 25 servers to each 2 TB volume for backup storage purposes, some volumes might only see 800 GB of consumption (remaining 1.2 TB allocated but not used) while other volumes might get 1.6 TB used (remaining 400 GB allocated but not used). Key concept: wasted space, because we have to over-estimate need to assure adequate headroom.

From the opposite viewpoint, if we had a sudden increase in need that exceeded the available space allocated to that volume, we'd have to move that server to a different volume. Key concept: increased admin workload to monitor and re-balance distribution as needed.

Now if we used one giant volume, there would be no guesswork, no "allocating more than we think is needed" for a bunch of small volumes. All servers share one huge common pot.

But there has to be a practical limit from a system-overhead standpoint. Our backup sets consist of a few multi-gigabyte files, so using 64K clusters will not cause much waste from slack space.

I'd like to get your opinions on maximum disk volume sizes from a practical standpoint.

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I just installed a new server with partitions below

# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 470889384 2015312 444568408 1% /
/dev/sda1 101086 28075 67792 30% /boot
/usr/tmpMnt 290503 10289 265214 4% /tmp

However, in HyperVM, it shows
VolGroup00 465.53 GB 465.53 GB
/(VolGroup00-LogVol00) 25.7 GB 459.85 GB

And I could not create vps on each. Error message is not_enough_space[].

I have searched on lxlabs board, and seems I need another partition for data?

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To explain further, I would like to set it so maybe one reseller account was using /home2, then another was using /home4, and another using /home.

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[Code].....

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