Is There A "Beginner's Guide To Web Hosting/Management"
Mar 20, 2008
I can find lots of info on getting started on designing a web site but not much on getting started on publishing/managing the site.
I have been bumbling through trial and error for several years now. I was on infinology with hsphere for awhile. I am now on hostgator with cpanel 10. (Shared-babycroc)
I would like the equivalent of a dummies book that addresses all those pre-made directories and files that come with an account, discussions on permissions, password protecting directories, hotlinking, email account management, add-on domains, subdomains, etc.
I would really like a basic overview so that I could have a better chance of understanding the forum discussions and help sites I do find.
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Mar 30, 2009
I currently own my own hosting company using another companies servers, which is good, and I've learned a lot of the ins and outs of hosting, but there's a great deal I need to learn before I start Hosting using my own servers. Can anyone provide some good resources or books that might help me get on with my mission?
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Feb 6, 2008
What do you use to manage all of your hosted accounts?
We have 2 servers, and about 95 clients. We bill our clients yearly. I cant seem to rely on plesk or cpanel for billing renewal dates, owner, etc.
IS there a program out there to help me see what account is due when, etc? Also who the owner is.
Ideally, Id love it o track by server, or view all, as well as show expiration notifications.
We are just to the point where managing these on excel is getting messy.
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Sep 4, 2008
I'm finally ready to move from a shared environment to a dedicated server. I don't know anything about server set up and management. Therefore I'm looking for a managed solution.
Reading through this great forum I found out that I can either go with a fully managed solution by the hosting company or go with an self-managed host and hire a third party administrator.
This will be my first dedicated server project. I would like to keep monthly cost below $400. Not necessarily looking for the cheapest deal out there, but rather for good service and stable performance.
I have heard good things about the Planet and liquidweb here on this forum. If I can find a reliable 3rd party management company I might be able to look into softlayer and/limestone.
I'm trying to decide whether I should go with inhouse management or 3rd party management.
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Apr 27, 2008
where I can find a Cpanel DNS only installation guide?
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Jul 9, 2008
Is there some sort of rating guide (or site) that compares/rates performance and reliability of web hosts.
I just signed up with namecheap and the first three days were great but now it seems to be going down hill.
I've seen other sites with lists but they seem to be advertiser biased.
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Jun 30, 2009
So a few days ago we had the wonderful experience of migrating Virtual Private Servers from HyperVM to Virtuozzo. After spending endless hours attempting to migrate with vzmigrate, vzp2v and rsync we were getting very frustrated and were just about to give up. With this we decided to contact our datacenter SoftLayer who usually is able to help out. Like always they managed to rise to the challange and save the day providing us with a solution thay may not have been the best, but probably the only one. We must have searched the entire Internet looking for guides and after we found out a solution we knew it had to be posted so that the frustration we went through would never have to happen again. While this solution is a little timely and requires some work it actually isn't as bad as it sounds. Also we have created a little shell scripts that does a good amount of the migration for you. Below I have made step by step instructions so that there will no longer be "no answer" to this question. Also just to let you know we contacted Parallels and unfortunatly we were told that "I can not find anything in our knowledgebase". Basiclly useless support... they regurgiate their online knowledgebase to you. So below is the guide.
Pre-Requisites:
1. Download the Migration Kit zip that includes the shell scripts for the migration.
Migration Kit Download: [url]
2. You must create a new container in Virtuozzo for each HyperVM VPS that you would like to migrate. You MUST use the same VEID and I you need to keep the hostname the same. Also the OS TEMPLATE you pick DOES NOT MATTER!
If you are copying a customer HyperVM template don't worry cause the OS Template has no effect as far as I know. We transfered 30+ VPS's and the OS TEMPLATE made no difference.
3. Stop the container you created and mount it.
Code:
# vzctl stop <VEID>
#vzctl mount <VEID>
For LIVE MIGRATION SKIP TO STEP 4b.
4a. Stop the VPS on the source server (HyperVM) and mount it.
Code:
# vzctl stop <VEID>
#vzctl mount <VEID>
4b. Leaving the VPS running while migrating has a risk of posible database corruption. During our migration we did it this way and we experienced no issues so I think it is safe to say that in rare cases there may be problems but usually not.
5. Unzip the Migration Kit and be inside the folder where it was unziped.
6. Execute the shell script.
Code:
./migrate.sh <IP-ADDRESS>
IP-ADDRESS = the IP Address of the source VPS Node
7. Enter the CTID when the prompt requests it. (CTID = VEID)
8. Enter the root password for the server you are migrating from.
9. The script runs inside a screen session so to back out of it to do other things or start another migration you must hit:
Code:
CTRL + A + D
To list all the screens you have open.
Code:
# screen -ls
To enter a screen session
Code:
# screen -r SESS-ID
SESS-ID = the numbers before the period listed when you list all the open screens.
10. Once the migration is completed a broadcast message will alert you. Also if you check /var/log/migrate/migrate.log will contain all the migrations that have completed.
11. Once a migration has completed you must unmount the VPS and start it.
Code:
# vzctl umount <VEID>
# vzctl start <VEID>
If everything went "ok" than your VPS should start up without issues and should be just like it was on the old server. Lastly I would like to give credit to SoftLayer for the method of migration. Thanks again SoftLayer
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Jan 24, 2007
I'm sure by now most of you have read the Web Server Optimization Guide by Shaw Networks. It came in handy for me when I was first starting out, I reduced my load & memory usage by tonnes. I thought I would make a new thread with an updated How-To.
Recommended Tools/Programs:
Putty - Free SSH Client - [url]
WinSCP - Free SFTP and SCP Client - [url]
MySQL Optimization:
BACKUP:
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.backup
Use Pico (pico /etc/my.cnf) or Download via WinSCP for editing,
Delete everything that is currently in the file and add the following...
Code:
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
skip-innodb
query_cache_limit=8M
query_cache_size=256M
query_cache_type=1
max_connections=500
max_user_connections=100
interactive_timeout=60
wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=30
thread_cache_size=128
key_buffer=16M
join_buffer=1M
max_allowed_packet=16M
table_cache=1024
record_buffer=1M
sort_buffer_size=2M
read_buffer_size=2M
max_connect_errors=100
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency=2
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
#log-bin
server-id=1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
To Save: CTRL-X
Restart Service: "service mysqld restart" or "service mysql restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart"
HTTP/APACHE Optimization:
BACKUP:
cp /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.backup
Use Pico (pico /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf) or Download via WinSCP for editing,
Change the following settings in your httpd.conf...
Set "Timeout" value to "Timeout 60"
Set "KeepAlive" to "KeepAlive on"
Set "KeepAliveTimeout" to "KeepAliveTimeout 3"
Set "MinSpareServers" to "MinSpareServers 16"
Set "MaxSpareServers" to "MaxSpareServers 32"
Set "MaxRequestsPerChild" to "MaxRequestsPerChild 256"
Set "HostnameLookups" to "HostnameLookups Off"
Note:
These settings will not work under all server environments its recommended that you tweak around with the numbers until your web server is running 100% please read Apache documentation before changing any settings so you know what you are changing [url]
To Save: CTRL-X
Restart Service: "service httpd restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart"
Installing eAccelerator:
eAccelerator is a further development from mmcache PHP Accelerator & Encoder. It increases performance of PHP scripts by caching them in compiled state, so that the overhead of compiling is almost completely eliminated. [url]
If you run CPanel please visit [url] for an auto-installer which will do all the hard work for you.
Run the following in SSH.
Code:
cd /
mkdir ea
cd ea
wget [url]
bunzip2 eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
tar -xvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5
export PHP_PREFIX="/usr"
$PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
make
make install
mkdir /phpcache
chmod 0777 /phpcache
Edit your PHP.INI file and at the bottom add...
Code:
To install as a ZEND extension:
zend_extension="/ea/eaccelerator-0.9.5/modules/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/phpcache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
OR to install as a PHP extension:
extension="/ea/eaccelerator-0.9.5/modules/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/phpcache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
Restart Service: "service httpd restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart"
For a great tutorial on Optimizing host.conf & sysctl.conf visit..
http://www.eth0.us/node/104
Common SSH Commands visit..
[url]
How to block an IP using iptables visit..
[url]
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Jul 16, 2008
We are about to open a data center in India. Can u please someone guide us to setup a data center. I require some article, reference for all setup and from scratch.
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Feb 18, 2008
Is there a Windows GUI software for remote Admining servers that run on Red Hat Linux?
FYI: Currently I use Putty for remotely managing our servers.
So if you can recommend a GUI like Windows desktop software for remotely Admining servers running Red Hat Enterprise, I would very much appreciate that.
FYI: we have like 10 dedicated severs, so a desktop GUI that would allow one to monitor/manage multiple servers would be best. But if the GUI that you think is best can only remotely connect/manage one server at a time, requiring disconnecting to connect to the other server to Admin it, that is fine.
Also, I would love to hear what you think is the best book, best tutorial and reference guide for remotely Admining servers running RHEL? I am not looking for one of those books that are 1000 pages, but something that is a few 100 pages and can be read in 1 month assuming a few hours per day of reading.
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Apr 1, 2007
I have had great difficulty in setting up OpenVPN, so I thought, when I finally do get it to work, I will write a HOWTO, so other can hopefully benefit…
This guide was done using a FC4 VPS, running on Xen, it will work on OpenVZ, all you need to do is ask your VPS provider to install “tun support”.
1.First of all get a few additional repos, If you already have your repos setup, skip this step
If you have Fedora 3, follow these steps,
[url]
If you have Fedora 4, follow these steps,
[url]
If you have Fedora 5, follow these steps,
[url]
If you have CentOS, follow the “additional third party CentOS repos”
[url]
Then issue these commands, each line is a new command, anything beginning with "#" are comments so dont try to execute those.
Code:
yum update
yum install openssl openssl-devel
# openssl and openssl-devel may be installed already… so don’t worry
2. Right, now you want to install OpenVPN, here are the commands,
Code:
yum install openvpn -y
#Now check that it works
service openvpn start
service openvpn stop
3. A few things to setup before you can make certificates, issue these commands,
Code:
find / -name "easy-rsa"
#you should get an output like this…
/usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.0.7/easy-rsa
#Now, make a copy of the easy-rsa directory, to /etc/openvpn/ ( make sure you #have put the right version number in i.e. mine was -2.0.7, change if needed)
cp -R /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.0.7/easy-rsa /etc/openvpn/
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
chmod 777 *
mkdir /etc/openvpn/keys
4. You need to edit the vars file, located in /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
You can use any editor you like, I used vi.
Change the line
Code:
export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
to
Code:
export KEY_DIR=/etc/openvpn/keys
Also at the bottom of this file you will see something similar to this,
Code:
export KEY_COUNTRY=US
export KEY_PROVINCE=CA
export KEY_CITY=SOMEWHERE
export KEY_ORG="My Org"
export KEY_EMAIL=me@mydomain.com
Change this to your own values.
5. Now its time to make the certificates, enter these commands
Code:
. ./vars
Code:
./clean-all
Code:
./build-ca
# just hit enter to the defaults apart from Common Name, this must be unique
# call it something like mydomain-ca
Code:
./build-key-server server
Code:
./build-key client1
# remember that common name must be unique e.g. use mydomain-client1
# and YES you want to sign the keys
Code:
./build-key client2
# do this step for as many clients as you need.
Code:
./build-dh
6. We are almost done now… right we need to create a few config files, you can download my template from here,
Code:
cd /etc/openvpn
Code:
wget www.designpc.co.uk/downloads/server.conf
# make sure you change a few things in the server.conf file, like DNS
# servers
Code:
touch server-tcp.log
~ this makes the log file..
Code:
touch ipp.txt
this makes the IP reservation list.
7. You need to make a few changes to OpenVPN itself. Go to..
Code:
cd /etc/init.d/
edit the openvpn file
#Uncomment this line (line 119)
Code:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Add these lines below it, changing 123.123.123.123 to your public IP address,
Code:
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.3 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.4 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.5 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.6 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.7 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.8 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.9 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.10 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
Now install iptables if you don’t have it already,
Code:
yum install iptables
#test it
service iptables start
service iptables stop
8. Now for the client config files. If your client is a Windows machine, make sure you have installed OpenVPN, use the gui version, downloadable from here;
[url]
You need to copy a few files from the server to your client machine, here is the list, located in /etc/openvpn/keys/
## WARNING ## Use a secure way of transferring these files off the server, something like WinSCP.
ca.crt
client1.csr
client1.key
client1.crt
Put these files in this directory C:Program FilesOpenVPNconfig
Now you need to make a client config, here is an example..
PHP Code:
clientdev tunproto tcp#Change my.publicdomain.com to your public domain or IP addressremote my.publicdomain.com 1194resolv-retry infinitenobindpersist-keypersist-tunca ca.crtcert client1.crtkey client1.keyns-cert-type server#DNS Options here, CHANGE THESE !!push "dhcp-option DNS 123.123.123.123"push "dhcp-option DNS 123.123.123.124"comp-lzoverb 3
Make sure you edit any of the lines with comments above them.
Call this file client1.opvn and put it in C:Program FilesOpenVPNconfig
Make sure the file extension is .opvn not .txt
To connect right click on OpenVPN in the taskbar >> Connect
To test ping 192.168.2.1
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Oct 29, 2009
how to setup an external hard drive with USB port to a webserver with following configuration:
Centos 5.3
Cpanel (latest)
What I want to do is to format and mount an external hard drive by USB port to my server and take my daily cpanel accounts on it.
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Oct 25, 2008
I recently got my hands on a few unmanaged VPS to play around with and learn how to work on them (eventually plan on going dedicated, so this is a preparation for that). I know the basics of working on Linux via command line, but beyond that I'm clueless. Does anyone know of any good guides for setting up and managing a LAMP environment on a VPS?
I'm mostly interested in CentOS and Debian.
I can find guides specifically for 1 or 2 things, but so far the only useful (complete) guide I've found is the one here. I'm not sure if that's still up to date on todays standards as it was written 2 years ago?
Things I'm looking for:
- Installing and setting up a LAMP environment
- Jailing SSH
- User/Group management
- Firewall setup / security hardening (I've read the thread in VPS tutorials as well as the one in Technical and Security Tutorials about securing your hosting company)
2 more questions...
1) Wondering what would be better... webmin or ispconfig? From what I understand webmin is more OS oriented and allows easy configuration of various parts of the OS while ispconfig is more hosting oriented? I take it running both at the same time is not recommended/needed?
2) Still not entirely sure what OS to choose. In my VPS atm I have the following available (along with the likes of Ubuntu, Gentoo and SuSE but I think the list bellow is what I should use). Would love if someone could list some advantages/disadvantages of each.
- centos-5-i386-afull
- centos-5-i386-hostinabox571
- debian-3.1-i386-minimal
- debian-4.0-i386-minimal
Appreciate any input.
Thanks for reading.
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Dec 3, 2008
any VPS with management provided?
i only used share hosting before, with knowledge in cpanel
however, i am afraid i cannot handle with VPS.
Hence, i would like to ask any VPS with managment or support provided?
my visitor mainly from hongkong, taiwan, USA and china.
My buget is around 30 US per month.
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Oct 8, 2007
How do i go about setting up a DNS zone using WHM for my new dedicated server? Also, what does record type mean (as in: A, A6, AAAA, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, TXT, WRK)?
If someone can point me to a good tutorial or reference so that i can get my server up and running with multiple domains, I'd appreciate it.
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Sep 6, 2007
We run around 300 domains for our clients; in the past we've believed that it was better to outsource DNS hosting, we've used a few different local companies but now we're getting to the stage that I'd like to consolidate all the records to one company.
Does anyone have any reccomendations for ultra reliable, easy to manage? Or is it better to put a dedicated machine in and run our own service?
I've got a few domains with Zoneedit, but I want to way-up some alternatives, I don't think the zoneedit admin is particularly user friendly and it's quite expensive $1000+ a year for what we need.
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Oct 15, 2009
I'd like to know your opinions about various VPS management systems.
What is the best VPS management system?
1. Virtuozzo
2. VDSmanager
3. HyperVM
4. SolusVM
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Jun 30, 2009
webinterface or windows app to help manage and compile alter apache/php configs, and install apache modules ext.
Im not a linux tech savy person. So im looking for something to go along with my plesk control panel to help with things that plesk cant do.
I have a vps using centos5 and plesh 9.2.1
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Jan 10, 2009
i have few dedi servers from one Us company, i am currently using their DNS service, we are into small level hosting, i want to run my own DNS, is it necessary to run a separate server for DNS?
Actually how the hosting companies do the name server pointing, for an example if i am buying a server and want to host a few domains in that server, what normally we do is we will change the name server to that companies name server
ns1.domain.com
ns2.domain.com
my question is if i am pointing my domains name server to the name server
ns1.companydomain.com
ns2.companydomain.com
how that company points the domain to my server for an example its ip is 72.xx.52.xx i am bit confused in this.
Also i have a doubt how they are creating this for n number of domains?
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Sep 14, 2009
We are working on our pci certification ( fun times right? ) and i was wondering what other people do for server management in the dmz. Few things we are looking at listed below. We will be doing cisco zbfw for firewalling and using NAT.
#1
Servers have 2 nics, 2 ips, gateway ect. One of the networks would be considered a "management vlan/network". Other network would be for all other traffic, including natting to the internet, and traffic to the "internal" zone but locking down traffic to source,destination, and protocol level.
On windows you really on have 1 true default gateway, and because windows doesnt just send traffic out the interface it came in, but looks at the routing table, some network routing issues popped up.
#2
Use only 1 nic/vlan/ip/gateway. Lock down traffic to source,destination, and protocol level for dmz to "internal" traffic and do an "inspect" statement to allow all necessary traffic back in and drop everything else. "Internal" to dmz would just be an inspect all because this traffic wouldnt need to be firewalled so management traffic would work just fine.
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Nov 3, 2009
Does anyone know of any software applications available of which would allow staff/employees to log into SSH while actively logging all input and prohibiting certain commands from being run?
A list of applicable servers to log into would be amazing as well, although that might be reaching too far.
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Dec 12, 2008
I have 4 ip addresses.
74.63.67.146 - my main server. I have also configured my main domain to "own" this IP address and have installed an SSL cert. The domain and the cert work correctly but when you type in the IP address in, it shows "Apache is functioning normally".
74.63.67.147 - this is owned by a client. Same thing happens as above except that the domain name and the IP address point to the Apache message.
74.63.67.148 - this is the shared IP. Everything works correctly.
74.63.67.149 - this is another owned IP and it works correctly.
The only thing that is different from 146, 147
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Oct 26, 2008
I just want to know what is the best way to run a hosting solution remotely. I.E have OS re-installed without having someone to do this for us in the DC for example?
I've heard KVM over IP but unsure to where that would lead us.
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Apr 3, 2008
Anyone know of any service that will provide 24/7 support for colocation servers I own?
By support I mean regular system updates, monitoring server stability, and be available 24/7 if problems were to occur.
I plan to colo with steadfast networks.
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Jul 11, 2008
So far I had only dealt with shared hosting. Now I think it is high time to move to a VPS server. But before I migrate, I want learn how to manage a VPS server. Can anyone plz tell me how I can setup a VPS on my system, so that I can learn how to work with it.
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Mar 18, 2007
[url]
Anyone used it? One of my friends showed me it, looks pretty neat actually.
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Dec 11, 2007
My mickey mouse company just bought a new server recently. However, all our email send from the new server went to our client's junk mail. Is there a solutions to this? How to prevent going to people's junk mail?
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Jul 27, 2007
1-On a VPS if I have 128 RAM guaranteed and 512 Burst, when I do top I can see the 471856k, it means at that moment I can use 471856k RAM, or this memory show is something I cant trust?
2- If I have 128 guaranteed and for some reason a a process tries to eat more than that(like 1 gig for exaple) it will be not allowed? Do I have to pay anything for that leak? DO the leak affects the ENtire host?
I believe I kno all those answer but is better to double check them....
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Nov 29, 2007
file/folder management system where I can upload files thought the system of FTP program and setup accounts that can access that folder with various permissions.
The goal is to be able to create any amount of folders and sub folders and assign unlimited amount of users to individual folders with permissions to upload (with or without over-right privileges), and download files in the folder they have access to.
I am open to using a third party, if Yahoo! or some similar file hosting company offers such a service.
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Oct 4, 2006
Does anyone know of any good IP management software that will handle subnets and all?
I want to be able to add a range and then control what is taken and not and etc.
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Apr 10, 2009
We saw the special offer of ThePlanet here on banner advertisement and tried to get a special promo but since the last 3 days, I am running after them and every sales person is telling something different about promo and my deal even it's confirmed by management...
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