Bs Best Tutorial And Reference Guide For RHEL And GUI Admin
Feb 18, 2008
Is there a Windows GUI software for remote Admining servers that run on Red Hat Linux?
FYI: Currently I use Putty for remotely managing our servers.
So if you can recommend a GUI like Windows desktop software for remotely Admining servers running Red Hat Enterprise, I would very much appreciate that.
FYI: we have like 10 dedicated severs, so a desktop GUI that would allow one to monitor/manage multiple servers would be best. But if the GUI that you think is best can only remotely connect/manage one server at a time, requiring disconnecting to connect to the other server to Admin it, that is fine.
Also, I would love to hear what you think is the best book, best tutorial and reference guide for remotely Admining servers running RHEL? I am not looking for one of those books that are 1000 pages, but something that is a few 100 pages and can be read in 1 month assuming a few hours per day of reading.
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Mar 29, 2007
what is your SPF configuration with cPanel?
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Apr 27, 2008
where I can find a Cpanel DNS only installation guide?
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Jul 9, 2008
Is there some sort of rating guide (or site) that compares/rates performance and reliability of web hosts.
I just signed up with namecheap and the first three days were great but now it seems to be going down hill.
I've seen other sites with lists but they seem to be advertiser biased.
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Mar 30, 2009
I currently own my own hosting company using another companies servers, which is good, and I've learned a lot of the ins and outs of hosting, but there's a great deal I need to learn before I start Hosting using my own servers. Can anyone provide some good resources or books that might help me get on with my mission?
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Jun 30, 2009
So a few days ago we had the wonderful experience of migrating Virtual Private Servers from HyperVM to Virtuozzo. After spending endless hours attempting to migrate with vzmigrate, vzp2v and rsync we were getting very frustrated and were just about to give up. With this we decided to contact our datacenter SoftLayer who usually is able to help out. Like always they managed to rise to the challange and save the day providing us with a solution thay may not have been the best, but probably the only one. We must have searched the entire Internet looking for guides and after we found out a solution we knew it had to be posted so that the frustration we went through would never have to happen again. While this solution is a little timely and requires some work it actually isn't as bad as it sounds. Also we have created a little shell scripts that does a good amount of the migration for you. Below I have made step by step instructions so that there will no longer be "no answer" to this question. Also just to let you know we contacted Parallels and unfortunatly we were told that "I can not find anything in our knowledgebase". Basiclly useless support... they regurgiate their online knowledgebase to you. So below is the guide.
Pre-Requisites:
1. Download the Migration Kit zip that includes the shell scripts for the migration.
Migration Kit Download: [url]
2. You must create a new container in Virtuozzo for each HyperVM VPS that you would like to migrate. You MUST use the same VEID and I you need to keep the hostname the same. Also the OS TEMPLATE you pick DOES NOT MATTER!
If you are copying a customer HyperVM template don't worry cause the OS Template has no effect as far as I know. We transfered 30+ VPS's and the OS TEMPLATE made no difference.
3. Stop the container you created and mount it.
Code:
# vzctl stop <VEID>
#vzctl mount <VEID>
For LIVE MIGRATION SKIP TO STEP 4b.
4a. Stop the VPS on the source server (HyperVM) and mount it.
Code:
# vzctl stop <VEID>
#vzctl mount <VEID>
4b. Leaving the VPS running while migrating has a risk of posible database corruption. During our migration we did it this way and we experienced no issues so I think it is safe to say that in rare cases there may be problems but usually not.
5. Unzip the Migration Kit and be inside the folder where it was unziped.
6. Execute the shell script.
Code:
./migrate.sh <IP-ADDRESS>
IP-ADDRESS = the IP Address of the source VPS Node
7. Enter the CTID when the prompt requests it. (CTID = VEID)
8. Enter the root password for the server you are migrating from.
9. The script runs inside a screen session so to back out of it to do other things or start another migration you must hit:
Code:
CTRL + A + D
To list all the screens you have open.
Code:
# screen -ls
To enter a screen session
Code:
# screen -r SESS-ID
SESS-ID = the numbers before the period listed when you list all the open screens.
10. Once the migration is completed a broadcast message will alert you. Also if you check /var/log/migrate/migrate.log will contain all the migrations that have completed.
11. Once a migration has completed you must unmount the VPS and start it.
Code:
# vzctl umount <VEID>
# vzctl start <VEID>
If everything went "ok" than your VPS should start up without issues and should be just like it was on the old server. Lastly I would like to give credit to SoftLayer for the method of migration. Thanks again SoftLayer
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Jan 24, 2007
I'm sure by now most of you have read the Web Server Optimization Guide by Shaw Networks. It came in handy for me when I was first starting out, I reduced my load & memory usage by tonnes. I thought I would make a new thread with an updated How-To.
Recommended Tools/Programs:
Putty - Free SSH Client - [url]
WinSCP - Free SFTP and SCP Client - [url]
MySQL Optimization:
BACKUP:
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.backup
Use Pico (pico /etc/my.cnf) or Download via WinSCP for editing,
Delete everything that is currently in the file and add the following...
Code:
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
skip-innodb
query_cache_limit=8M
query_cache_size=256M
query_cache_type=1
max_connections=500
max_user_connections=100
interactive_timeout=60
wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=30
thread_cache_size=128
key_buffer=16M
join_buffer=1M
max_allowed_packet=16M
table_cache=1024
record_buffer=1M
sort_buffer_size=2M
read_buffer_size=2M
max_connect_errors=100
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency=2
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
#log-bin
server-id=1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
To Save: CTRL-X
Restart Service: "service mysqld restart" or "service mysql restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart"
HTTP/APACHE Optimization:
BACKUP:
cp /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.backup
Use Pico (pico /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf) or Download via WinSCP for editing,
Change the following settings in your httpd.conf...
Set "Timeout" value to "Timeout 60"
Set "KeepAlive" to "KeepAlive on"
Set "KeepAliveTimeout" to "KeepAliveTimeout 3"
Set "MinSpareServers" to "MinSpareServers 16"
Set "MaxSpareServers" to "MaxSpareServers 32"
Set "MaxRequestsPerChild" to "MaxRequestsPerChild 256"
Set "HostnameLookups" to "HostnameLookups Off"
Note:
These settings will not work under all server environments its recommended that you tweak around with the numbers until your web server is running 100% please read Apache documentation before changing any settings so you know what you are changing [url]
To Save: CTRL-X
Restart Service: "service httpd restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart"
Installing eAccelerator:
eAccelerator is a further development from mmcache PHP Accelerator & Encoder. It increases performance of PHP scripts by caching them in compiled state, so that the overhead of compiling is almost completely eliminated. [url]
If you run CPanel please visit [url] for an auto-installer which will do all the hard work for you.
Run the following in SSH.
Code:
cd /
mkdir ea
cd ea
wget [url]
bunzip2 eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
tar -xvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5
export PHP_PREFIX="/usr"
$PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
make
make install
mkdir /phpcache
chmod 0777 /phpcache
Edit your PHP.INI file and at the bottom add...
Code:
To install as a ZEND extension:
zend_extension="/ea/eaccelerator-0.9.5/modules/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/phpcache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
OR to install as a PHP extension:
extension="/ea/eaccelerator-0.9.5/modules/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/phpcache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
Restart Service: "service httpd restart" or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart"
For a great tutorial on Optimizing host.conf & sysctl.conf visit..
http://www.eth0.us/node/104
Common SSH Commands visit..
[url]
How to block an IP using iptables visit..
[url]
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Jul 16, 2009
Can someone show me a tutorial on exactly how to point a domain name to my VPS? Not just a simple masked forwarding, I want it to actually point to my VPS so that basically [url]is the same as [url]
I'm running Ubuntu & HyperVM,
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Mar 24, 2009
Does anyone know if the VPS tutorial thread (the one that told you exactly how to do everything) was distributed anywhere else apart from WHT? Because of the recent site problems, that thread was one of the lost ones.
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Nov 6, 2007
How do I add a domain name to my vps account? Where is the vps detail tutorial? I brought a vps plan so I could learn at least 100 things about managing my own vps through hypervm and webmin.
If you have a thing or two to teach about managing it, please reply with how to do so and so.
I am at school now. I will get home later and then I can get back to my hobby of teaching myself how to manage a vps. I have a lot of time on my hand to learn how to manage a vps.
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Jul 16, 2008
We are about to open a data center in India. Can u please someone guide us to setup a data center. I require some article, reference for all setup and from scratch.
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May 3, 2007
Can some nice person please write a good tutorial on setting up the game server cpanel addon?
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Apr 18, 2007
I am wanting start hosting my own websites on my own webserver...however my knowledge f running one is very limited.
Any decent tutorials, books, or qualifications you could recommend?
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Aug 5, 2008
I am planning to install haproxy on arch linux is there any notes or tutorial?
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Mar 18, 2008
Ive looked for a long time now trying to find the perfect tutorial to migrate my clients (on cPanel) to my VPS without downtime. Every tutorial i found doesnt tell you how to make it so you dont have any downtime at all.
I know you can point the DNS from the old server to the new server by editing it through cpanel but i have more than 100 clients and it would be DAMN annoying to edit every single one of them one by one. Is there a faster way? Anyone have a tutorial that i can follow?
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Jan 19, 2008
A Short tutorial to use SSH keys instead of plain password to login.
1. Logon to WHM and goto Main >> Security >> Security Center
2. Under "SSH Password Auth Tweak" and disable the Password Authentication.
3. Under "Manage SSH Keys" click on Generate new key.
4. Give a Key name and Generate a good password (remember it). Choose KeyType as DSA since it's more secure than RSA.
5. Once done, you will see a pair of public private keys. Authorize the public key to connect.
6. View/Download the private key to your system. If you're using putty it can also generate in relevant format.
7. Save the key in a secure place in your local system and chmod to 600 so that no one can read it.
8. Next, connect to your server:
Code:
root@localhost ~]# ssh -i /path-to-file/file.key root@server.ip.address
It should ask for the password, if you have used in step 4.
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Apr 1, 2007
I have had great difficulty in setting up OpenVPN, so I thought, when I finally do get it to work, I will write a HOWTO, so other can hopefully benefit…
This guide was done using a FC4 VPS, running on Xen, it will work on OpenVZ, all you need to do is ask your VPS provider to install “tun support”.
1.First of all get a few additional repos, If you already have your repos setup, skip this step
If you have Fedora 3, follow these steps,
[url]
If you have Fedora 4, follow these steps,
[url]
If you have Fedora 5, follow these steps,
[url]
If you have CentOS, follow the “additional third party CentOS repos”
[url]
Then issue these commands, each line is a new command, anything beginning with "#" are comments so dont try to execute those.
Code:
yum update
yum install openssl openssl-devel
# openssl and openssl-devel may be installed already… so don’t worry
2. Right, now you want to install OpenVPN, here are the commands,
Code:
yum install openvpn -y
#Now check that it works
service openvpn start
service openvpn stop
3. A few things to setup before you can make certificates, issue these commands,
Code:
find / -name "easy-rsa"
#you should get an output like this…
/usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.0.7/easy-rsa
#Now, make a copy of the easy-rsa directory, to /etc/openvpn/ ( make sure you #have put the right version number in i.e. mine was -2.0.7, change if needed)
cp -R /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.0.7/easy-rsa /etc/openvpn/
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
chmod 777 *
mkdir /etc/openvpn/keys
4. You need to edit the vars file, located in /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
You can use any editor you like, I used vi.
Change the line
Code:
export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
to
Code:
export KEY_DIR=/etc/openvpn/keys
Also at the bottom of this file you will see something similar to this,
Code:
export KEY_COUNTRY=US
export KEY_PROVINCE=CA
export KEY_CITY=SOMEWHERE
export KEY_ORG="My Org"
export KEY_EMAIL=me@mydomain.com
Change this to your own values.
5. Now its time to make the certificates, enter these commands
Code:
. ./vars
Code:
./clean-all
Code:
./build-ca
# just hit enter to the defaults apart from Common Name, this must be unique
# call it something like mydomain-ca
Code:
./build-key-server server
Code:
./build-key client1
# remember that common name must be unique e.g. use mydomain-client1
# and YES you want to sign the keys
Code:
./build-key client2
# do this step for as many clients as you need.
Code:
./build-dh
6. We are almost done now… right we need to create a few config files, you can download my template from here,
Code:
cd /etc/openvpn
Code:
wget www.designpc.co.uk/downloads/server.conf
# make sure you change a few things in the server.conf file, like DNS
# servers
Code:
touch server-tcp.log
~ this makes the log file..
Code:
touch ipp.txt
this makes the IP reservation list.
7. You need to make a few changes to OpenVPN itself. Go to..
Code:
cd /etc/init.d/
edit the openvpn file
#Uncomment this line (line 119)
Code:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Add these lines below it, changing 123.123.123.123 to your public IP address,
Code:
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.3 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.4 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.5 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.6 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.7 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.8 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.9 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.10 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123
Now install iptables if you don’t have it already,
Code:
yum install iptables
#test it
service iptables start
service iptables stop
8. Now for the client config files. If your client is a Windows machine, make sure you have installed OpenVPN, use the gui version, downloadable from here;
[url]
You need to copy a few files from the server to your client machine, here is the list, located in /etc/openvpn/keys/
## WARNING ## Use a secure way of transferring these files off the server, something like WinSCP.
ca.crt
client1.csr
client1.key
client1.crt
Put these files in this directory C:Program FilesOpenVPNconfig
Now you need to make a client config, here is an example..
PHP Code:
clientdev tunproto tcp#Change my.publicdomain.com to your public domain or IP addressremote my.publicdomain.com 1194resolv-retry infinitenobindpersist-keypersist-tunca ca.crtcert client1.crtkey client1.keyns-cert-type server#DNS Options here, CHANGE THESE !!push "dhcp-option DNS 123.123.123.123"push "dhcp-option DNS 123.123.123.124"comp-lzoverb 3
Make sure you edit any of the lines with comments above them.
Call this file client1.opvn and put it in C:Program FilesOpenVPNconfig
Make sure the file extension is .opvn not .txt
To connect right click on OpenVPN in the taskbar >> Connect
To test ping 192.168.2.1
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Apr 27, 2008
Will you use RHEL 4 or 5? Is there any great differences between them?
I want to use the newer version, but helix server [url] requires RHEL 4 to run, so I am just thinking whether I should use RHEL 4 or 5.
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Jan 27, 2007
When will RHEL 5 final be released? (And Centos 5 as well)
Wasn't it supposed to be released in December?
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Jan 4, 2007
Going to order a new server fairly soon, and I'm facing the tough question if I should go with 64-bit or stay with the "classic" 32 bits. My operating system of choice is Red Hat Enterprise 4.
From the research I've done, RHEL 4 (64 bits) should come with dual libraries that would allow running 32 bit and 64 bit applications under the same 64 bit operating system. Sounds great, and if it comes with an overall performance boost I am all for it.
But I've also heard that that's only the theory - in reality, I could end up banging my head against the screen for uncounted hours because compatibility still isn't as good as it's supposed to be. I don't plan to run Plesk or Cpanel, but I still don't want to get into hot water with other applications I've been using on my current 32-bit server.
All in all it's intimidated me quite a bit, so I'd probably go with 32 bits this time around, just to be on the safe side. Then again, I'm still having an eye on the possible performance boost, so dunno. Does anyone have an idea what's the latest on this? 64 bit already safe for the non-experimental-minded, or bleeding edge and stay away from?
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Jan 19, 2008
Other manual install Zabbix on CentOS 5.
Zabbix for used a vps, this is a problem?
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Apr 13, 2009
Anyone out there have experience with SuSE over RedHat? RHEL is obviously the generalized Enterprise version used across most commercial hosting companies, but I'm interested in hearing about some SuSE experiences people have had.
It looks like SoftLayer offers SuSE and a couple VPS hosting companies do the same. I'm wondering how many large-scale sites are run on this operating system.
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Jul 14, 2009
how can I install a VNC *(graphical remote control) on RHEL 5.0?
would someone give me a detail instruction and links?
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Jan 24, 2007
I olled online and tried to use yum and up2date and they said the package could not be found
I did rpm-q gd and gd is installed but i need it for php-gd.
I looked on the web and i do not see a version for RHEL.
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Jun 27, 2008
I'd like to have the ability to offer hosting in two geographical and network diverse locations for both Apache and MySQL. Two entirely different instances, with different everything. ie: high avail to the max. Obviously the MySQL part is harder due to the dynamic nature.
I can appreciate the technical aspects of the question - such as data needing to replicate to 2 locations, dealing with static versus dynamic data, etc. In short, there's a few ways this could be done.
I've not been able to find a guide in my Google searches, but I'm sure this is something that has been setup before.
If you're someone with experience in having had set this up, perhaps it would be easiest if we just speak directly and work something out, either via payment or giving you a dedicated server on my network. My AIM name is IGSOBEHELPER.
Please note that I am hoping to start a technical discussion about this, hence I am not posting the message in the employment section. I hope this is not off topic because of this.
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May 13, 2007
write a tutorial how to set up a server without a control panel. A step by step guide how to set up the dns, add doamins. create accounts, create ftp users, create databases, create db
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Nov 21, 2006
My server is not sending mail for about a week, and i dont know what is the problem and how to fix this.
also, in PLesk, it still states that Mail is on and active.
Could anybody point me the direction how to fix that?
i am having a server runnung RHEL 4
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Dec 10, 2008
I just installed RHEL on our in house web server. This server is going to host our secure public server.
I was wondering if installing a control panel (cPanel) would be a good idea? I would like something automated to setup php, mysql, apache etc.
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Sep 18, 2007
I would like to know f.e the setup scenarios f.e for one,two or x fence devices.
The below docs just dont contain enough meat to get you going.
[url]
[url]
[url]
If you are aware of any good hands on tutorials or docs than please feel free to let me know.
I dont mind if the documentation has no screenshoots but the technical explanations must be sound in order to understand how to configure RHCS.
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Jul 11, 2008
With Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (RHEL 4), are updated packages made available, or are only security patches backported? Specifically I'm interested in vsftpd. Version 2.0.1 is included in the RHEL installation on a server I'm working on, but there is a bug fix in v2.0.4 that I'd like to get access to.
Is there an easy way for me to browse / search what packages are available for RHEL 4, preferably via website?
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Oct 27, 2007
My data center happen to install RHEL 4 without a swap partition
Is there anyway to fix it without an OS reload?
Linux OS:
[root@server2 log]# uname -a
Linux 2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp #1 SMP Tue Sep 25 02:17:24 EDT 2007 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@server2 log]#
Kernel Version(uname -r)
[root@server2 log]# uname -r
2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp
[root@server2 log]#
Hardware Information
Clovertown with quad core , dual thing.
4 gb ram.
Control Panel(if any)
Cpanel
[root@server2 sbin]# df -l
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 75505212 37384684 34285012 53% /
/dev/sda1 101086 17347 78520 19% /boot
none 2074560 0 2074560 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 25197252 80800 23836476 1% /tmp
/dev/sda2 40313996 7249168 31016944 19% /var
/tmp 25197252 80800 23836476 1% /var/tmp
[root@server2 sbin]#
[root@server2 sbin]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 146.8 GB, 146815733760 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17849 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 5112 40957717+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5113 8299 25599577+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 8300 17849 76710375 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 8300 17849 76710343+ 83 Linux
[root@server2 sbin]#
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