Which Of This Files In /boot Is Safe To Be Deleted
Dec 4, 2007
After installing Kernels seems /boot is boing to be full soon. Which files can be safely deleted ? Mean lets say to keep the latest Kernel and previous version:
root@[/boot]# ls -la
total 70317
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 3072 Dec 4 11:28 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Sep 29 10:41 ../
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 6144 Nov 9 2006 aquota.user*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48736 Sep 28 2005 config-2.4.21-37.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48851 Sep 28 2005 config-2.4.21-37.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48951 Oct 19 2006 config-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49066 Oct 19 2006 config-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49066 Aug 1 2006 config-2.4.21-47.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48951 Jun 11 18:29 config-2.4.21-50.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49066 Jun 11 18:21 config-2.4.21-50.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48951 Aug 16 17:11 config-2.4.21-51.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49066 Aug 16 17:03 config-2.4.21-51.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48951 Sep 27 18:38 config-2.4.21-52.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49066 Sep 27 18:30 config-2.4.21-52.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48951 Dec 3 13:51 config-2.4.21-53.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49066 Dec 3 13:42 config-2.4.21-53.ELsmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Dec 4 11:28 grub/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 276201 May 5 2006 initrd-2.4.21-37.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 283119 May 5 2006 initrd-2.4.21-37.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282640 Apr 10 2007 initrd-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289544 Oct 21 2006 initrd-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289539 Sep 23 2006 initrd-2.4.21-47.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282779 Jun 26 22:04 initrd-2.4.21-50.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289656 Jun 26 22:03 initrd-2.4.21-50.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282783 Aug 21 05:32 initrd-2.4.21-51.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289652 Aug 21 05:32 initrd-2.4.21-51.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282781 Sep 28 08:22 initrd-2.4.21-52.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289649 Sep 28 08:23 initrd-2.4.21-52.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282778 Dec 4 11:27 initrd-2.4.21-53.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289653 Dec 4 11:28 initrd-2.4.21-53.ELsmp.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 547 May 5 2006 kernel.h
drwx------ 2 root root 12288 May 5 2006 lost+found/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10213 Jan 4 2005 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10213 Jan 4 2005 message.ja
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 32 Nov 9 2006 quota.user*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Sep 29 09:37 System.map -> System.map-2.4.21-52.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 578588 Sep 28 2005 System.map-2.4.21-37.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 606073 Sep 28 2005 System.map-2.4.21-37.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580154 Oct 19 2006 System.map-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607622 Oct 19 2006 System.map-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607622 Aug 1 2006 System.map-2.4.21-47.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580321 Jun 11 18:29 System.map-2.4.21-50.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607789 Jun 11 18:21 System.map-2.4.21-50.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580321 Aug 16 17:11 System.map-2.4.21-51.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607789 Aug 16 17:03 System.map-2.4.21-51.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580321 Sep 27 18:38 System.map-2.4.21-52.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607789 Sep 27 18:30 System.map-2.4.21-52.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580321 Dec 3 13:51 System.map-2.4.21-53.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607789 Dec 3 13:42 System.map-2.4.21-53.ELsmp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2908624 Sep 28 2005 vmlinux-2.4.21-37.EL*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3543696 Sep 28 2005 vmlinux-2.4.21-37.ELsmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2912724 Oct 19 2006 vmlinux-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3551892 Oct 19 2006 vmlinux-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3551888 Aug 1 2006 vmlinux-2.4.21-47.ELsmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2912720 Jun 11 18:29 vmlinux-2.4.21-50.EL*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3551888 Jun 11 18:21 vmlinux-2.4.21-50.ELsmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2912720 Aug 16 17:11 vmlinux-2.4.21-51.EL*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3551888 Aug 16 17:03 vmlinux-2.4.21-51.ELsmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2912720 Sep 27 18:38 vmlinux-2.4.21-52.EL*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3551888 Sep 27 18:30 vmlinux-2.4.21-52.ELsmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2912720 Dec 3 13:51 vmlinux-2.4.21-53.EL*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3551888 Dec 3 13:42 vmlinux-2.4.21-53.ELsmp*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252609 Sep 28 2005 vmlinuz-2.4.21-37.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1363969 Sep 28 2005 vmlinuz-2.4.21-37.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260075 Oct 19 2006 vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1368141 Oct 19 2006 vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1367751 Aug 1 2006 vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260875 Jun 11 18:29 vmlinuz-2.4.21-50.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1370368 Jun 11 18:21 vmlinuz-2.4.21-50.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260877 Aug 16 17:11 vmlinuz-2.4.21-51.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1370369 Aug 16 17:03 vmlinuz-2.4.21-51.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260879 Sep 27 18:38 vmlinuz-2.4.21-52.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1370369 Sep 27 18:30 vmlinuz-2.4.21-52.ELsmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260893 Dec 3 13:51 vmlinuz-2.4.21-53.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1370450 Dec 3 13:42 vmlinuz-2.4.21-53.ELsmp
root@[/boot]#
This is the /etc/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title CentOS (2.4.21-53.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-53.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-53.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-53.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-53.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-53.EL.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-52.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-52.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-52.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-52.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-52.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-52.EL.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-51.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-51.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-51.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-51.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-51.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-51.EL.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-50.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-50.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-50.EL.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-50.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-50.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-50.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-47.0.1.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-47.0.1.EL.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-47.0.1.ELsmp.img
title CentOS (2.4.21-47.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-47.ELsmp.img
title CentOS-3 (2.4.21-37.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-37.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-37.ELsmp.img
title CentOS-3-up (2.4.21-37.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-37.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-37.EL.img
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Feb 12, 2008
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grub.conf:
Code:
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
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timeout=5
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hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.18-028stab062.3)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinux-2.6.18-028stab062.3 ro root=LABEL=/
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Code:
uname -r
2.6.18-128.el5
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on a RHE 3 system I installed a new Kernel. I did update lilo.conf and grub.conf but they are still booting an old kernel: 2.4.21-27.ELsmp. Please have a look at my files below and if you have any idea why please let me know.
lilo.conf:
prompt
timeout=50
default=2.4.21-53.ELsmp
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
message=/boot/message
linear
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.21-53.ELsmp
label=2.4.21-53.ELsmp
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.21-53.ELsmp.img
read-only
append="root=/dev/hda3"
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.ELsmp
label=2.4.21-47.ELsmp
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.21-47.ELsmp.img
read-only
append="root=/dev/hda3"
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.EL
label=2.4.21-47.EL
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.21-47.EL.img
read-only
append="root=/dev/hda3"
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.ELsmp
label=linux
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.21-27.ELsmp.img
read-only
append="root=/dev/hda3"
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.EL
label=linux-up
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.21-27.EL.img
read-only
append="root=/dev/hda3"
grub.conf:
Code:
default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-53.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-53.ELsmp ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-53.ELsmp.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-47.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.ELsmp ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-47.ELsmp.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-47.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-47.EL ro root=/dev/hda3
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-47.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.4.21-27.ELsmp)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-27.ELsmp.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES-up (2.4.21-27.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-27.EL ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.21-27.EL.img
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-- or --
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boot
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root (hd0,0)
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Checking /etc/rc.log:
----------------------------
Starting Tomcat server
Output from "/sbin/rc3.d/S998Tomcat start":
----------------------------
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/mediation/Tomcat5.5
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/mediation/Tomcat5.5
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/mediation/Tomcat5.5/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /opt/mediation/java/jre15_15002
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----------------------------
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Jun 22, 2008
I backed a system up with rsync, and just used rsync to copy it into a new machine... I just backed up / to my home directory on another machine, and then 'extracted' it to / on the new machine.
But now everything (and I mean everything) is owned by "matt", my user on the intermediate machine. I rebooted the system to get it to boot the new stuff without realizing this, and now it's not booting... Since /etc/passwd, /bin/bash, etc. aren't owned by root.
Any tips on where to go from here? As I said, it's a brand-new machine (VM, actually: even better!), so re-imaging is a solution, but I'd still have to copy the data back over. Reinstalling is a pain, though, so if there's a simple fix, I'd prefer that. I've got pygrub installed as a boot manager for the VM, but I can't for the life of me figure out how to get into single-user mode. (Nor am I sure that a "cd /; chown -R root" will have the desired effect?)
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