GRUB Error 21 / Booting From 2nd SATA Drive
Apr 26, 2007
I just got a new server with two SATA drives in it (no hardware raid). Both drives work fine under Linux, BUT I can boot only from the first disk.
The system is Debian Stable, boot loader is GRUB. I've got serial console access, so after power on I can see GRUB menu and escape to the shell. Then:
Code:
grub> root (hd1,1)
Error 21: Selected disk does not exist
Even when I type "root (hd" and press TAB, grub auto-completes command to "root (hd0,". It doesn't see the second drive!
When Linux has started and I run grub shell inside OS, it does see (hd1).
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Apr 11, 2008
For a server would a Raptor (10K rpm) Do better than same capacity SATA-2drive?
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Oct 28, 2009
We have had some old dell 745n that had sata drives in them in the past. These are the only time we have ever used sata. The performance was terrible and we replaced the sata drives more times in over several years and we ever have with sas/scsi drives.
We are looking to get some new disk backup boxes which we plan to go 600gb sas drives, but might be considering 1tb nearline sata from dell.
I would like to hear from anyone using nearline sata and get feedback on performance and reliability overall. Also if you are using for backups, how many backup jobs are you able to run at the same time before performance drops?
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Oct 23, 2009
I'm having the same problem that a lot of you also faced - my SATA disk is being detected as an IDE disk. (/dev/hda)
I've had the datacenter set AHCI mode in BIOS, however that didn't seem to fix the issue.
I keep hearing about kernel upgrades fixing this problem, would it really help?
Or is there any other way to go about fixing this without having to reload the OS?
I'm running CentOS 5.4 x64 on the 2.6.18-164.el5 kernel.
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Apr 5, 2009
For a Vbulletin forum with up to 200 users online (only) but growing nicely and I want to be set for quite a while:
I am going to use Nginx, XCache, PHP-FPM, FreeBSD, Gzip
Currently using ~55 GB transfer with mod_deflate, all with dynamic traffic, little bits and pieces, no bigger files.
I want to be able to push 500 GB transfer or so this way, or ~ 1000 users online, many searches from non-registered users, too
I am looking at
Q9550, 8GB, 4x73 SAS 10k Raid-10, $200 Webnx
or
i7 920, 12GB, 4x73 SAS 15k Raid-10, $250 Webnx
or
X3220, 8GB, X25-E SSD Intel, $300 Softlayer
Am I too concerned about disk I/O? Should I save some money and settle for a 2xSATA Raid-1.
Databases are < 2GB and would fit into the RAM
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Dec 11, 2007
Planning to buy a server from softlayer, adding a single 300gb 15k scsi drive costs 100$/month and adding 4 250gb sata drives with raid-10 costs 90$/month
Which one would you pick up and why?
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Dec 19, 2008
about the hd,there are two options, the first one is four 7200rpm sata to do raid 10,
the second one is two 10000rpm sata to do raid 1, about the performance, which one will be better?
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Mar 30, 2008
I want to install Linux Ubuntu onto it, the thing is i dont know how to boot to it, there a partition one with XP backup files and one with Linux files I need it to boot from the Linux one so i can install it onto the HDD... but I dont know how I go into the BIOS and change Removable to top but it says it cant find anything...
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Jul 3, 2008
I'm currently in the process of ordering a new server and would like to throw another $50-$70 at the default SATA II 7k 250 GB to increase performance. The server will host a site similar to WHT (php, mysql, and some forum traffic ).
There are three options I can get for the price:
1. Add another SATA II 7k 250 GB and set up RAID 1
2. Add a 73GB 15k RPM SA-SCSI and put mySQL on it. No RAID.
3. Toss out the SATA II 7k and take two SATA 10k 150 GB instead. Put mySQL on one of them. No RAID.
Please keep in mind that the question is budget-related (I know I can get more if I spend an extra $200 but that's not what I want ). Which of the above will make me happiest?
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Mar 3, 2008
I have Hetzner server, this was my first time to reset the hardware and it won't boot, the OS is SUSE, I contacted the support and they have no software support and that i need to fix it my own.
I use their Rescue-system to access the server but i do not know where, what and how to fix the boot problem.
I remember when I mounted the 2nd harddisk, and in the Partition it ask something about boot and I answer Yes, I don't know if this might be the cause.
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Aug 17, 2008
do you set grub passwords?
what problems could i be facing if i skip that, i'd guess one cannot access file system via some grub parameters,
it can only be used to lower performance?
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Jul 9, 2008
i compiled my kernel and i have problem.. i dont have lilo on my server so i dont know how to change the grub.conf file to boot my new kernel..
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Jul 9, 2008
Form last 10 days am getting this error daily
Drive Warning: /dev/hda3 (/usr) is 81% full
And daily i have to remove log from domlogs
is there any permanent solution to get rid from this error
and ThePlanet support tema told me to make some changes in etc/logrotate.conf file
here is the copy of that file
.......
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress
# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d
# no packages own wtmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
monthly
minsize 1M
create 0664 root utmp
rotate 1
}
/usr/local/apache/domlogs/*.log {
missingok
rotate 3
notifempty
daily
compress
sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -HUP httpd
endscript
}
/usr/local/apache/logs/*_log {
missingok
notifempty
compress
sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -HUP httpd
endscript
}
# system-specific logs may be also be configured here.
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May 14, 2007
I setup a Software RAID5 the following way:
/dev/sda:
1: /boot 101MB
2: software raid ALL
/dev/sdb
1: software raid ALL
/dev/sdc
1: software raid ALL
/dev/sdd
1: software raid ALL
/dev/md0: ext3 mounted as / for all of the software RAID partitions.
I was left to believe this would create redundancy as long as only one drive is removed from the array. Although when I unplug any of the hard drives (one at a time) I get input/output errors and when I try to reboot I get kernel sync errors.
What exactly am I doing wrong when trying to create redundancy? I know that SDA contains the /boot/ partition so it wouldn't boot without that but even if I unplug B,C, and D it still can't sync.
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Mar 17, 2009
Is there is any method to break grub password.
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Apr 3, 2007
I was tring to upgrade my kernel and after installing new kernel i tried to select kernel but i was unable to find grub.conf file ! /boot/grub/grub.conf
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Jan 26, 2007
1- i did Os Reload with new Hard drive for "home"
2- data "backups" drive lost
3- replaced the old home drive as "/old drive"
4- " /old drive " is now the secondry drive in my server and it has the all sites usres and evry thing
5- what i need , to trasfer, copy this sites from " /old drive " to "home"
but data center said
The /olddrive/home directory contains the contents that were previously in the /home directory. You can copy files from this directory to any other directory on your server.
The command to copy files in the UNIX environment is the "cp" command.
The user directories in /olddrive/home directory contain the web page files for the users. However, simply copying the contents over will not recreate the users or domain entries in DNS/httpd. If you wish these back you will need to recreate them manually or restore them from backups.
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Feb 16, 2007
Primary drive (centos/cpanel) is corrupt
The server is displaying these errors when I tried to do an FSCK:
Bad inode IO
ext3-fs error (device(8,3)) IO Failure
I am having a new primary installed and old primary set as 2nd drive. I need to recover the cpanel domain accounts from this 2nd drive after I mount it with the method below:
mkdir /backup
mount /dev/sdb1 /backup
However, how do I actually recover these accounts in an automated process via whm? I've done this before with the same matter (corrupt primary drive, mount as 2nd, etc) but cannot exactly remember the proper steps.
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Dec 28, 2007
I just purchased a brand new 10K 150GB drive. How can I take an exact copy of my current drive and transfer everything over to the new drive? I think I need to create a snapshop, or mirror it somehow.
What software will do this? I was told trueimage, but its very pricy, is there anything else?
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Jul 9, 2007
I have a dedicated box and I started getting Input/output errors today.
I tried:
# fsck
fsck 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006)
e2fsck 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006)
/dev/hda2: recovering journal
fsck.ext3: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/hda2
then I tried:
# fsck -a -t ext3 /dev/hda2
fsck 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006)
/dev/hda2: recovering journal
fsck.ext3: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/hda2
My data is backed up, so was going to ask for a reimage, but is this an indication of bad hardware? Should I ask for a replacement drive? Is there anything else I should try on my own before going to the host?
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Feb 6, 2007
I have a Win2K3 server which has 2 hard drives. I was considering backup options and I thought that I might try mirroring Drive A ==> Drive B. I would think that, then, if Drive A has a hardware failure, I could simply switch Drive B into the Primary slot (A) and the server would continue to hum along as nothing has happened. This would reduce the downtime, hopefully.
I have 3 questions.
1. Is this idea practical (will it work)?
2. What is a good software program to use fto handle the mirroring?
3. Any considerations, warnings, technical advice in regard to this method?
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Mar 28, 2009
I rented a new server. I check WD6400AAKS, it's indeed a SATA drive. However, why is the label says hda and hdc? Isn't it supposed to be sda and sdc?
Is it true DMA is not needed for my SATA?
Is my disk performance to slow? Does the performance suggest it's a IDE disk?
Here is what on my WHM
hda: WDC WD6400AAKS-65A7B0, ATA DISK drive
hdc: WDC WD6400AAKS-65A7B0, ATA DISK drive
hda: max request size: 512KiB
hda: 1250263728 sectors (640135 MB) w/16384KiB Cache, CHS=65535/255/63
hda: cache flushes supported
hdc: max request size: 512KiB
hdc: 1250263728 sectors (640135 MB) w/16384KiB Cache, CHS=65535/255/63
hdc: cache flushes supported
root@abc [~]# hdparm /dev/hda
/dev/hda:
multcount = 16 (on)
IO_support = 1 (32-bit)
unmaskirq = 1 (on)
using_dma = 0 (off)
keepsettings = 0 (off)
readonly = 0 (off)
readahead = 256 (on)
geometry = 65535/255/63, sectors = 1250263728, start = 0
root@abc [~]# hdparm -Tt /dev/hda
/dev/hda:
Timing cached reads: 12040 MB in 1.99 seconds = 6036.46 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 24 MB in 3.20 seconds = 7.49 MB/sec
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Oct 26, 2009
Maybe what the advantages/disadvantages are of each in regards to a web hosting configuration?
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Jun 11, 2009
about SSD vs SCSI vs SATA HDDs?
I heard that SSD are slow in writing, but fast in reading.
is this true?
80GB Intel X25-M SSD is the model i am looking at.
Is this HDD recommended on servers? will this perform better then SCSI or SATA RAID10?
how this works, tell me more about writing
eading speeds (on SSD) etc.
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Apr 30, 2008
what is the benefit of scsi upon a sata hdisk
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Mar 6, 2008
I have ordered a dedicated server SATA Xeon but got IDE Xeon. Should I contact my datacenter to change the server or is ide and sata the same thing and it does not make a real difference.
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Nov 19, 2008
SAS/SATA compatibility
I am looking to buy this barebones system:[url]
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Nov 26, 2008
On a normal shared hosting server, what kind of performance gains can you see using a SAS drive instead of a SATA II in raid-1?
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May 13, 2008
I wonder which drive give the best performance? Look like they all have the same 15000 rpm. :d
Any experience?
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Dec 28, 2007
I currently have a Dell Poweredge 2650 from a few years back, it is running...
2x Xeon 2.4ghz 512K
3GB DDR266 RAM
1x73GB SCSI
Back in the day this system cost $2000, now it's not worth close to that.
So my plans were to dump this bad boy as an SQL server, seeing it has the SCSI backplane and 3GB of RAM, and SQL usually doesn't need as much CPU as a web server.
Now my question, would it be better to use this server or would it be better to build a cheap Core 2 Duo with a RAID0 array with a few SATA drives?
Before you start going off on RAID0, it doesn't matter to me because I am using clustering/failover so data will not be lost and no downtime will be received if the array fails.
Basically what I want to know, is it worth it to keep this server and build upon it or would it be better to sell this server and look into spending an extra few hundred to build a new system with SATA RAID.
I'm going by price/performance rather than reliability as I am using failover to let you know once again .
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Sep 2, 2009
I am looking for something like this:
[url]
To work on an HP ProLiant DL360/380. All I know is they are SCSI U320 drive bays, or that is the type of drive they take. Can anyone provide any insight on what may work? We are trying to get a more cost effective way to get more storage into a server. The largest SCSI drive I can find is 300GB for $200. You can get 2TB drives for that much these days.
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