Feb 1, 2008
Lately, our server logs are being filled with requests from exploited servers. In order to prevent our servers from being hacked, I have tried to harden the server as much as possible. (Server: Centos 4.6, Apache 2, PHP 5, MySql 5, Cpanel/WHM)
I have detailed my efforts and would appreciate some feed back or suggestions of your own that have been effective.
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Examples include c99.txt exploits, php insertions, etc.
Recent Sample Logs:
Code:
66.246.246.38 - - [30/Jan/2008:16:32:59 -0500] "GET /example.cgi?SearchIndex=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soeasywebsite.com%2Fsoeasycasino%2Fmaj%2Fpepus%2F&Manufacturer=Black+&+Decker HTTP/1.0" 406 442 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"
Code:
64.38.19.90 - - [25/Jan/2008:04:35:22 -0500] "GET /post/index/7//bm/mail.php?id=http://www.gumgangfarm.com/shop/data/id.txt? HTTP/1.1" 406 464 "-" "libwww-perl/5.808"
Code:
207.44.154.126 - - [01/Feb/2008:01:36:12 -0500] "GET /index.php?act=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qubestunes.com%2Fte%2Fratov%2Fomuley%2F&id=2 HTTP/1.0" 200 139303 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"
What to do to prevent these intrusions?
1) I have updated my Mod_Security rules (running version modsec2) to include checks for the following:
Code:
# Check Content-Length and reject all non numeric ones
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Length "!^d+$" "deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Content-Length HTTP header is not numeric', severity:'2',id:'960016'"
# Do not accept GET or HEAD requests with bodies
SecRule REQUEST_METHOD "^(GET|HEAD)$" "chain,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'GET or HEAD requests with bodies', severity:'2',id:'960011'"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Length "!^0?$"
# Require Content-Length to be provided with every POST request.
SecRule REQUEST_METHOD "^POST$" "chain,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'POST request must have a Content-Length header',id:'960012',severity:'4'"
SecRule &REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Length "@eq 0"
# Don't accept transfer encodings we know we don't know how to handle
SecRule HTTP_Transfer-Encoding "!^$" "deny,log,auditlog,msg:'ModSecurity does not support transfer encodings',id:'960013',severity:'5'"
# Check decodings
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|
REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "@validateUrlEncoding"
"chain, deny,log,auditlog,msg:'URL Encoding Abuse Attack Attempt',id:'950107',severity:'4'"
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "\%(?![0-9a-fA-F]{2}|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})"
# Proxy access attempt
SecRule REQUEST_URI ^http:/ "deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Proxy access attempt', severity:'2',id:'960014'"
#
# Restrict type of characters sent
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer
"@validateByteRange 1-255"
"log,auditlog,msg:'Request Missing an Accept Header', severity:'2',id:'960015',t:urlDecodeUni,phase:1"
SecRule ARGS|ARGS_NAMES "@validateByteRange 1-255"
"deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Invalid character in request',id:'960901',severity:'4',t:urlDecodeUni,phase:2"
# allow request methods
SecRule REQUEST_METHOD "!^((?:(?:POS|GE)T|OPTIONS|HEAD))$"
"phase:1,log,auditlog,msg:'Method is not allowed by policy', severity:'2',id:'960032'"
# Restrict file extension
# removed exe so that frontpage will work
# Restricted HTTP headers
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES ".(?:Lock-Token|Translate|If)$"
"deny,log,auditlog,msg:'HTTP header is restricted by policy',id:'960038',severity:'4'"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "(?:(?:m(?:ozilla/4.0 (compatible)|etis)|webtrends security analyzer|pmafind)|n(?:-stealth|sauditor|essus|ikto)|b(?:lack ?widow|rutus|ilbo)|(?:jaascoi|paro)s|internet explorer|webinspect|.nasl)"
"deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Request Indicates a Security Scanner Scanned the Site',id:'990002',severity:'2'"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES "acunetix-product"
"deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Request Indicates a Security Scanner Scanned the Site',id:'990901',severity:'2'"
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME "^/nessustest"
"deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Request Indicates a Security Scanner Scanned the Site',id:'990902',severity:'2'"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "(?:m(?:ozilla/(?:4.0 (compatible; advanced email extractor|2.0 (compatible; newt activex; win32))|ailto:craftbot@yahoo.com)|e(?:mail(?:(?:collec|harves|magne)t|(?: extracto|reape)r|siphon|wolf)|(?:collecto|irgrabbe)r|xtractorpro|o browse)|a(?:t(?:tache|hens)|utoemailspider|dsarobot)|w(?:eb(?:emailextrac| by mail)|3mir)|f(?:astlwspider|loodgate)|p(?:cbrowser|ackrat|surf)|(?:digout4uagen|takeou)t|(?:chinacla|be)w|hhjhj@yahoo|rsync|shai|zeus)"
"deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Rogue web site crawler',id:'990012',severity:'2'"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "(?:(?:(?:indy librar|snoop)y|microsoft url control|lynx)|d(?:ownload demon|isco)|w(?:3mirror|get)|l(?:ibwww|wp)|p(?:avuk|erl)|cu(?:sto|rl)|big brother|autohttp|netants|eCatch)"
"chain,log,auditlog,msg:'Request Indicates an automated program explored the site',id:'990011',severity:'5'"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "!^apache.*perl"
# Session fixation
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "(?:.cookie.*?;W*?(?:expires|domain)W*?=|http-equivW+set-cookie)"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,log,auditlog,msg:'Session Fixation. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950009',severity:'2'"
# Blind SQL injection
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "(?:(?:(?:s(?:ys.(?:user_(?:(?:t(?:ab(?:_column|le)|rigger)|object|view)s|c(?:onstraints|atalog))|all_tables|tab)|elect.{0,40}(?:substring|ascii|user))|m(?:sys(?:(?:queri|ac)e|relationship|column|object)s|ysql.user)|c(?:onstraint_type|harindex)|attnotnull)|(?:locate|instr)W+()|@@spid)"
"capture,t:replaceComments,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,log,auditlog,msg:'Blind SQL Injection Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950007',severity:'2'"
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "(?:(?:s(?:ys(?:(?:(?:process|tabl)e|filegroup|object)s|c(?:o(?:nstraint|lumn)s|at)|dba|ibm)|ubstr(?:ing)?)|user_(?:(?:(?:constrain|objec)t|tab(?:_column|le)|ind_column|user)s|password|group)|a(?:tt(?:rel|typ)id|ll_objects)|object_(?:(?:nam|typ)e|id)|pg_(?:attribute|class)|column_(?:name|id)|(?:dba|mb)_users|xtypeW+char|rownum)|t(?:able_name|extposW+())"
"capture,t:replaceComments,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,log,auditlog,msg:'Blind SQL Injection Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950904',severity:'2'"
# SQL injection
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "(?:(?:(?:s(?:elect(?:.{1,100}?(?:(?:length|count|top).{1,100}?from|from.{1,100}?where)|.*?(?:d(?:ump.*from|ata_type)|(?:to_(?:numbe|cha)|inst)r))|p_(?:(?:addextendedpro|sqlexe)c|(?:oacreat|prepar)e|execute(?:sql)?|makewebtask)|ql_(?:longvarchar|variant))|xp_(?:reg(?:re(?:movemultistring|ad)|delete(?:value|key)|enum(?:value|key)s|addmultistring|write)|e(?:xecresultset|numdsn)|(?:terminat|dirtre)e|availablemedia|loginconfig|cmdshell|filelist|makecab|ntsec)|u(?:nion.{1,100}?select|tl_(?:file|http))|group.*by.{1,100}?having|loadW*?data.*infile|(?:n?varcha|tbcreato)r|autonomous_transaction|open(?:rowset|query)|dbms_java)|i(?:n(?:toW*?(?:dump|out)file|sertW*?into|nerW*?join)|(?:f(?:W*?(W*?benchmark|null)|snull)W*?()|(?:having|or|and)s+?(?:d{1,10}|'[^=]{1,10}')s*?[=<>]+|(?:print]W*?@|root)@|c(?:astW*?(|oalesce))|(?:;W*?(?:shutdown|drop)|@@version)|'(?:s(?:qloledb|a)|msdasql|dbo)')"
"capture,t:replaceComments,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,log,auditlog,msg:'SQL Injection Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950001',severity:'2'"
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "(?:user_(?:(?:object|table|user)s|password|group)|a(?:tt(?:rel|typ)id|ll_objects)|object_(?:(?:nam|typ)e|id)|pg_(?:attribute|class)|column_(?:name|id)|substr(?:ing)?|table_name|mb_users|rownum)"
"capture,t:replaceComments,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,log,auditlog,msg:'SQL Injection Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950906',severity:'2'"
# XSS
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS "(?:(?:on(?:(?:mo(?:use(?:o(?:ver|ut)|down|move|up)|ve)|key(?:press|down|up)|c(?:hange|lick)|s(?:elec|ubmi)t|(?:un)?load|dragdrop|resize|focus|blur)W*?=|abort)|(?:l(?:owsrcW*?(?:(?:java|vb)script|shell)|ivescript)|(?:href|url)W*?(?:(?:java|vb)script|shell)|background-image|mocha):|typeW*?(?:text(?:W*?(?:j(?:ava)?|ecma)script| [vbscript])|applicationW*?x-(?:java|vb)script)|s(?:(?:tyleW*=.*expressionW*|ettimeoutW*?)(|rcW*?(?:(?:java|vb)script|shell|http):)|(?:c(?:opyparentfolder|reatetextrange)|get(?:special|parent)folder)|a(?:ctivexobject|lertW*?())|<(?:(?:body.*?(?:backgroun|onloa)d|input.*?typeW*?image)|![CDATA[|script|meta)|(?:.(?:(?:execscrip|addimpor)t|(?:fromcharcod|cooki)e|innerhtml)|@import))"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,log,auditlog,msg:'Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950004',severity:'2'"
# file injection
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS "(?:(?:.(?:ht(?:access|passwd|group)|www_?acl)|global.asa|httpd.conf|boot.ini)|/etc/)"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'Remote File Access Attempt. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950005',severity:'2'"
# Command access
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME "(?:n(?:map|et|c)|w(?:guest|sh)|cmd(?:32)?|telnet|rcmd|ftp).exe"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'System Command Access. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950002',severity:'2'"
# Command injection
SecRule ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS "(?:(?:(?:n(?:et(?:W+?localgroup|.exe)|(?:map|c).exe)|t(?:racer(?:oute|t)|elnet.exe|clsh8?|ftp)|(?:w(?:guest|sh)|rcmd|ftp).exe|echoW*?y+)|c(?:md(?:(?:32)?.exe|W*?/c)|d(?:W*?[/]|W*?..)|hmod.{0,40}?+.{0,3}x))|[;|`]W*?(?:(?:c(?:h(?:grp|mod|own|sh)|md|pp|c)|p(?:asswd|ython|erl|ing|s)|n(?:asm|map|c)|f(?:inger|tp)|(?:kil|mai)l|(?:xte)?rm|ls(?:of)?|telnet|uname|echo|id)|g(?:++|cc))|/(?:c(?:h(?:grp|mod|own|sh)|pp|c)|p(?:asswd|ython|erl|ing|s)|n(?:asm|map|c)|f(?:inger|tp)|(?:kil|mai)l|g(?:++|cc)|(?:xte)?rm|ls(?:of)?|telnet|uname|echo|id)(?:['"|;`-s]|$))"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'System Command Injection. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950006',severity:'2'"
SecRule "ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS|!REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent"
"wget"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'System Command Injection. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950907',severity:'2'"
# SSI injection
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS "<!--W*?#W*?(?:e(?:cho|xec)|printenv|include|cmd)"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'SSI injection Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950011',severity:'2'"
# PHP injection
SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME|ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS "(?:(?:(?:f(?:tp_(?:nb_)?f?(?:ge|pu)t|get(?:s?s|c)|scanf|write|open|read)|gz(?:(?:encod|writ)e|compress|open|read)|s(?:ession_start|candir)|read(?:(?:gz)?file|dir)|move_uploaded_file|(?:proc_|bz)open)|$_(?:(?:pos|ge)t|session))|<?(?!xml))"
"capture,ctl:auditLogParts=+E,deny,log,auditlog,msg:'PHP Injection Attack. Matched signature <%{TX.0}>',id:'950013',severity:'2'"
#suntzu
SecRule REQUEST_URI|REQUEST_BODY|HTTP_Content-Disposition "/(suntzu.*|suntzu).php?cmd="
#Known rootkits
SecRule REQUEST_URI|REQUEST_BODY "perl (xpl.pl|kut|viewde|httpd.txt)"
SecRule REQUEST_URI|REQUEST_BODY "./xkernel;"
SecRule REQUEST_URI|REQUEST_BODY "/kaiten.c"
SecRule REQUEST_URI|REQUEST_BODY "/mampus?&(cmd|command)"
# WEB-MISC .htpasswd access
SecRule REQUEST_URI ".htpasswd"
# WEB-MISC /etc/passwd access
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/etc/passwd"
#Exploit agent
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Mosiac 1.*"
#remote bash shell
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/shell.php&cmd="
SecRule ARGS "/shell.php&cmd="
# WEB-CGI formmail
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/(formmail|mailform)(x0a|.plx0a)"
#Invision Board ipchat.php file include
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/hk/ipchat.php*root_path*conf_global.php"
#Invision Power Board SQL injection
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/hk/index.php?act=.*&max_results=.*&filter=.*&sort_order=.*&sort_key=.*&st=*(UNION|SELECT|DELETE|INSERT)"
#Invision Gallery SQL Injection Vulnerabilities
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/hk/index.php" chain
SecRule ARGS:comment "(select|grant|delete|insert|drop|do|alter|replace|truncate|update|create|rename|describe)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|*| ]+[[:space:]](from|into|table|database|index|view)"
# TIKIWIKI
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/tiki-map.phtml?mapfile=../../"
#Wordpress shell injection Vulnerability
SecRule REQUEST_URI "/cache/user.*/.*.php?cmd=" "id:390064,rev:1,severity:2,msg:'JITP: Wordpress shell injection Vulnerability'"
#Bad agent
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Brutus/AET"
#Web leaches
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Linux"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "libcurl-agent"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "TurnitinBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "ANONYMOUS"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "LinkWalker"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Drecombot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Mac Finder"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "ConveraCrawler"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "WebarooBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "RufusBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "SumeetBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "pulseBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "FyberSpider"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "1-More Scanner v1.25"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "DRT-ResolveBot-Ignore"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "T-H-U-N-D-E-R-S-T-O-N-E"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "SnapPreviewBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "IRLbot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Charlotte"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "ninetowns"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "heritrix"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Python-urllib"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "InetURL"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "cazoodle"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "DepSpid" "deny,nolog,status:410"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Browsezilla"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "MetagerBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "TALWinHttpClient"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Snapbot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "BDFetch"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "WebaltBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "VSynCrawler"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "UbiCrawler"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "WebCapture"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "WebCopier"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "FairAd Client"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Black Hole"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Crescent"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "MIIxpc"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Harvest"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "LinkextractorPro"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Snoopy"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "IDBot"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "Cyveillance" "deny,nolog,status:404"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "PEAR HTTP_Request class"
SecRule HTTP_User-Agent "libwww-perl"
11) Review my logs daily to look for problem child scrapers, hackers, and issues.
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