Linux Kernel Optimization
Sep 12, 2007
starting a GSP (Game Server Provider) within the next 4-6 months.
One big factor I will need to tackle is optimizing the linux kernel on CentOS for game servers.
This entails accelerating the kernel to allow for 1000fps in Counter strike and Counter Strike Source, as well as tailoring the kernel to provide very reliable server side fps.
My question is, what would be some good sources about possibly doing this, also how would I go about rebuilding the kernel, and is it worth learning how to do myself even though my knowledge is fairly minimal in Linux?
Also does anyone know of specifics about what I need to modify in order to do this.
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Feb 23, 2008
Do we have to be concerned with this issue?
[url]
Is Centox 4x system included in the Kernel Flaw above?
Are all Linux servers at risk now?
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Jun 16, 2008
Programs compiled with the Intel C++ compiler run 20-30% (up to 450% in some rare cases) faster than their GCC counterparts.
I have successfully compiled MySQL 5, PHP 5, eAccelerator and nginx with ICC 10.1.015. I was wondering, if anyone has compiled the linux kernel with icc? There are some linux vendors who supply icc compiled kernels, and there are some docs on intels site about compiling the kernel with icc... so it's doable.
But I want to know if anyone has done it on a VPS? What was your experience? Did the system run faster than before? Or did you face some weird situations?
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Mar 7, 2007
I have followed the process below:
Fedora Core 6
In a first step, the yum repository must be configured. The .repo file is available in Ingo Molnar's project directory [url].
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget http://people.redhat.com/mingo/realtime-preempt/rt.repo
Only the first time, yum must be called in installation mode:
# yum install kernel-rt
Later on, the command
# yum update kernel-rt
will update the kernel patch, should a more recent version be available. By default, the newly installed kernel is made the default boot kernel. The realtime-enabled kernel is, therefore, immediately active after the system has been restarted.
To check if enabled type:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/kernel_preemption
1
Then this:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/preempt_max_latency
39
As an debugging aid, the condition that led to this latency is also available:
# cat /proc/latency_trace
preemption latency trace v1.1.5 on 2.6.19-1.rt10.0001
--------------------------------------------------------------------
latency: 39 us, #2/2, CPU#0 | (M:rt VP:0, KP:0, SP:1 HP:1 #P:1)
-----------------
| task: posix_cpu_timer-3 (uid:0 nice:0 policy:1 rt_prio:99)
-----------------
_------=> CPU#
/ _-----=> irqs-off
| / _----=> need-resched
|| / _---=> hardirq/softirq
||| / _--=> preempt-depth
|||| /
||||| delay
cmd pid ||||| time | caller
/ ||||| | /
<...>-3 0...1 39us : __schedule (__schedule)
As a role of thumb, the maximum (worst-case) latency amounts to approximately 105 / clock frequency on an idle system. For example, a maximum latency of about 100 microseconds can be expected in a 1 GHz-CPU. If the value displayed is off by more than one order of magnitude, something is not working correctly.
Totally lost here! can someone explain this latency figure of 39, how do I know if this is good or bad figure?
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May 30, 2009
Few weeks ago my customer began to notice problem with server load.
I look to munin graphs and see this:
http://dl.getdropbox.com/u/252944/iowait/iowait-hr.png
iowait creates high performance degradation. There was no changes in server software & configuration. Sometimes server work very slow, count of apache processes is high - there is no any processes and scripts who can use a lot of hdd resources.
Sites located on customer server does not create high load, and not subjected to any attacks.
I received response from DC:
I did some research for this and it seems that other people has experienced similar issues and is reporting that it is a kernel bug have you ran yum update to receive the latest kernel if not you can try and update and see if that may resolve your issue.
CENTOS 5.2
Cpanel / WHM
Linux *** 2.6.18-92.1.22.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Dec 16 12:36:25 EST 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
I try to run "yum update kernel" but it seems installed kernel is up to date.
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Dec 12, 2008
I am currently researching the options open to me for Virtualisation, the two main ones I have seen are Xen or KVM.
I mainly use CentOS (RHEL), but have read that the version of Xen with it is very old, broken and unstable. KVM isn't included in the kernel that ships with CentOS, as it is too old, apparently it was first featured in Kernel v2.6.20. There isn't likely to be an update till RHEL6, which is due for release first quarter of 2010. I can't wait over a year, so need to find another Distro for use as the Host OS/Hypervisor.
I have built a pretty powerful server, it has an Intel Xeon 3230 which has VT - so I might be better off using KVM over Xen. I am going to collocate this server, so realistically I can make this decision only once - as it would be a PITA to re-install a host Linux distro remotely.
I did a search on distrowatch for distros with the latest version of the kernel, and Slackware came up as being just one minor version behind the most current (v2.6.27.7).
Now this distro is very mature, so should be a fairly safe bet, but it is a 32bit version and can't host 64bit VMs. I have 8GB of ram so want to be able to use it all, and offer the choice of 32/64bit VMs. So that's that out of the window.
I have used Arch Linux on and off for a couple of years as a workstation OS, but because it is so bleeding edge, when pacman updates it can break itself. But I suppose if I just use it as the Host OS, and never let it update/reboot, then it won't break. It should be fairly lightweight and stable, as I will be installing the bare minimum packages. I have a management card, so if the server fails to boot, then I can still remote in to fix it.
If I do want to update the kernel, is it possible to update without rebooting? I think it is somehow... unless I can just reboot during an unused time at 3am or something.
As you can tell I am leaning towards KVM on Arch Linux (x86_64). Is this a good plan?
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Jan 19, 2007
Is it safe to upgrade to the latest Linux kernel version 2.6.19.2 (released on January 10th, 2007) ? Is there any reported problems or have anyone faced issues after upgrading?
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Mar 29, 2007
we have one box in hivelocity.net that has been down so many times this month that we were forced to remove links to siteuptime where we were once so proud of having a 99.7% uptime for 3 years in theplanet.
syslog shows that just before crashing, these entries were made:
kernel: kernel BUG at mm/rmap.c:479
kernel: invalid operand:0000 [#1]
dmesg also shows this:
...
Brought up 2 CPUs
zapping low mappings.
checking if image is initramfs... it is
Freeing initrd memory: 482k freed
NET: Registered protocol family 16
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xf9f20, last bus=1
PCI: Using configuration type 1
mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
mtrr: your CPUs had inconsistent fixed MTRR settings
mtrr: probably your BIOS does not setup all CPUs.
mtrr: corrected configuration.
...
i've googled these messages and they point to ram problems.
hivelocity.net claims to have done diagnostics on the box and that there were no problems reported.
they said this is a result of a sys configuration problem made by us.
any ideas?
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May 20, 2009
running centos/virtuozzo 2.6.18-028stab062.3
when i configure vmware it asks at one point for kernel header files. where would i find them to match the current kernel?
i asked at parallels forums but help there is very scarce. i checked openVZ repositories and they dont yet have headers for this version.
what are my options? i have one last windows machine left and want to run it in VMware.
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Apr 29, 2007
Last year I ordered a new server with Centos 4.3 and it had the kernel kernel 2.6.9-34.0.2ELsmp installed. It runned fine and I didn't update any packages since then.
Today I started getting a problem where both mysqld and kswapd0 uses very high amounts of CPU, spiking up to 100% and my memory usage is at 99% all the time. The problem seems exactly the same as the one mentioned in this thread.
In that thread the exact same kernel is said to be insecure and to cause this problem. I also came across a centOS bug that reports this problem with high cpu, mem usage and mysql & kswapd0 consuming all resources.
In the linked thread the person solved the problem by upgrading to kernel 2.6.9-42 using rpms but others recommended a newer kernel or a custom compiled kernel for CentOS.
Apparently when they used yum it said 34.0.2 was the latest kernel.
What should I do to upgrade the kernel, which version should i upgrade to, and where do I get it from? I won't be able to compile a custom kernel and I've only installed basic rpm packages before.
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Apr 11, 2009
I'm running a Xeon Quad Core 2.5GHz with 2GB RAM. Comments on my setup for shared hosting? (will upgrade ram if people believe that will help with increase page loadtimes.)
XCACHE:
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.size = 64M
xcache.count = 5
xcache.slots = 16K
xcache.ttl = 3600
xcache.gc_interval = 7200
xcache.var_size = 64M
xcache.var_count = 5
xcache.var_slots = 16K
xcache.var_ttl = 3600
xcache.var_maxttl = 7200
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = Off
xcache.mmap_path = "/dev/zero"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = On
MySQL:
[mysqld]
set-variable = max_connections=500
safe-show-database
old-passwords = 1
skip-networking
skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 384M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 5120
join_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size=8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
thread_cache_size=8
thread_cache=256
query_cache_limit=12M
query_cache_size=512M
thread_concurrency = 8
wait_timeout=120
connect_timeout=30
long_query_time=5
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
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Feb 27, 2008
MySQL keep giving me error like this:
Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: Can't create a new thread (errno 11); if you are not out of available memory, you can consult the manual for a possible OS-dependent bug in /home/user/public_html/file.php on line 400
Can't create a new thread (errno 11); if you are not out of available memory, you can consult the manual for a possible OS-dependent bug
My server has 5GB SWAP, 2GB RAM
[my.cnf]
key buffer = 512m
read buffer = 4m
sort buffer = 4m
max connection = 500
i learn using a formula key buffer + (read+sort)*max connection
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Feb 12, 2008
I hosted users files on a xfs partition.
I use SATA II disks, and sometimes load is increased when ftp activity is intensive.
Drive where users files are hosted returns values like
hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads: 5050 MB in 2.00 seconds = 2528.72 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 4 MB in 3.30 seconds = 1.21 MB/sec
I noticed a load increase specially when I delete a directory with many small files.
ways to optimyze a xfs partition?
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Jun 14, 2007
currently im on a VPS server and things are fine normally. However whenever there are like 20 users on my site (browser based text game) things get ugly. The sql queries are all needed and don't think it can get much more effiecent.
Anyways my website is very dynamic all information is changing every second.
For example a user when every page they go to or refresh their account is being set to time() to show that they are online at that second. Processor load gets up to like 6 at times and that is when it is virtually impossible to connect to the site.
Is there anythign you recommend? mysql is the top then when i login via ssh and run 'top'
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May 23, 2009
Well, I decided giving it a shot.
I have a large proxy, are getting ~3k pageviews/day.
I only got 128 MB RAM on my VPS, so no panels works on it (not even kloxo/lxa). I would guess apache wont do it in the long run either.
So I decided to go with nginx. But I feel it isn't quite good optimized, as it sometimes takes like 1 minute to load the page.
Here is my current config:
#######################################################################
#
# This is the main Nginx configuration file.
#
# More information about the configuration options is available on
# * the English wiki - http://wiki.codemongers.com/Main
# * the Russian documentation - http://sysoev.ru/nginx/
#
#######################################################################
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main Module - directives that cover basic functionality
#
# http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxMainModule
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
user nginx;
worker_processes 12;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Events Module
#
# http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxEventsModule
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# HTTP Core Module
#
# http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxHttpCoreModule
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
# Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
#
# The default server
#
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
}
Any ideas on better optimizing?
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Oct 13, 2009
I am facing problem regarding my site. I have dedicated server with WHM/cPanel, i have integrated tomcat with apache , the apache processes are too high aroung 1200-1400, So please guide me howto optimize my apache for better performance.
root@trick [/]# ps aux | grep -c httpd
1403
root@trick [/]# ps aux | grep -c mysql
3
root@trick [/l]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 4053 3408 645 0 220 1890
-/+ buffers/cache: 1297 2756
Swap: 4094 0 4094
---------------------------------------------
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15
<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 10
MinSpareServers 10
MaxSpareServers 20
ServerLimit 1000
MaxClients 600
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
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May 25, 2009
I'm looking to get some tips to optimize my Apache webservers. Now i have 2 apache servers with load balancer. If someone can guide me and bring some tips for this purpose is highly appreciated.
Also, i would like to know about disadvantages of enabling KeepAlive. Recently i have enabled it and found my site load much better. But the disadvantage (that i experienced personally) is after stop browsing for a while (about 40-60 minutes) i need to keep triggering the URL of site several times to get enter the website. If not i can't get into it and it likes the site giving no response at all.
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Apr 22, 2009
right ive got a server thats getting battered at the moment by lots of apache processes, ive moved sql off to a seperate box (with private lan so thats fine) but now i need to optimize/replace apache with something less intensive on resources, only problem is im using plesk on this server so i am not sure if i can change the webserver app?
using apache 2.2 with prefork mpm
server specs
Athlon 64 3200+
4gb DDR2
120Gb HD
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Jul 25, 2009
I am switching from shared hosting to managed VPS. I have minimal knowledge of UNIX/Apache, pretty good with PHP and programming in general.
So, what I have now is my VPS, with 512mb of ram, CentOS, cpanel and my two sites, not live yet, that is, I haven't changed dns records in the registrar.
I want to try to optimize the box or whatever is the correct name for it and understand the whole thing better. Mainly to learn more, I dot' think I'll be pressed for memory or bandwidth for now. Still, at least knowing things I can optimize for speed of space.
Few things that I assume should allow for some simplification and RAM savings(hopefully) is that:
a) Both sites are hobby sites, not very big load. Few thousand visitors a day. Traffic is around 10gb monthly combined.
b) Both sites are mine, nobody else on that box, so I don't have to worry about customers screwing things up and caging things internally.
Based on that, I don't really need email for the second site domain.
When I run top command I see 2 exim processes running. Is that normal, or is it because I have 2 domains registered there? And if yes can one be disabled?
Same applies to pop3-login and imap-login processes, 2 copies of each. Can I have just one of each, i.e. exim, pop3-login and imap-login?
Next, I selected not to run log analyzer cpanellogd for 21 hours, i.e. it'll run for 3 hours a day. I assume that should be sufficient for the site like mine?
I did read sticky about securing the site and quite a bit about Apache/mysql optimizations.
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Jun 15, 2008
I've got a VPS server with a total process limit of 100 process.
I know this sounds like a newbie question, what numbers would you recommend for the Apache 2 Conf file to get it running as best as possible without it taking the server down?
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Apr 18, 2007
i am having quite problem with my server i cant get it to optimize it. During peak times the load goes beyond 10 sometimes 20 to 50 sometimes its just under 1. I have my webserver running on P4 Core 2 6300, 1 GB ram, 250 HDD, on CentOS 4.4 (kernel 2.6.9-42.0.10) etc. It has cpanel/whm running Apache 1.3.7, php 4.4, mysql 4.1, mailscanner, eaccelerator, etc i dont know really what other info to show you.
I host about 200 accounts and there are 4 large php forums (not like WHT) running on it. Sometimes pages stop loading especially these forums have to refresh to get page load.
During day there are approx 700-900 connections.
Previously i had phpsuexec and the load never went beyond 4-5, i have removed it to install eaccelerator.
Here are my configurations
httpd.conf
Code:
RLimitMEM 200990378
RLimitCPU 240
Timeout 45
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 512
KeepAliveTimeout 2
MinSpareServers 25
MaxSpareServers 35
StartServers 15
MaxClients 512
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
my.cnf
Code:
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
skip-innodb
skip-networking
skip-name-resolve
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 1
max_connections = 200
max_user_connections = 100
interactive_timeout = 30
wait_timeout = 30
connect_timeout = 10
thread_cache_size = 80
key_buffer = 256M
join_buffer = 1M
max_allowed_packet = 8M
table_cache = 1500
record_buffer = 1M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
max_connect_errors = 100
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 4
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
#log-bin
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 1M
write_buffer = 1M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer =128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 1M
write_buffer = 1M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
top
Code:
top - 13:24:33 up 1 day, 23:24, 1 user, load average: 1.99, 2.26, 3.45
Tasks: 174 total, 1 running, 173 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 13.3% us, 12.1% sy, 0.0% ni, 13.6% id, 31.8% wa, 29.1% hi, 0.0% si
Mem: 1000952k total, 974492k used, 26460k free, 49024k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 171580k used, 1860028k free, 288344k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
10804 mysql 15 0 354m 80m 2744 S 35 8.2 4:00.68 mysqld
12849 nobody 15 0 65816 33m 14m S 10 3.4 0:04.56 httpd
2956 named 18 0 66944 18m 1152 S 3 1.9 40:53.96 named
12800 nobody 15 0 57260 28m 17m S 3 2.9 0:06.95 httpd
336 root 15 0 0 0 0 D 3 0.0 112:24.57 kjournald
12854 nobody 15 0 55008 22m 14m S 2 2.3 0:03.68 httpd
12870 nobody 16 0 55108 23m 14m S 1 2.4 0:04.49 httpd
6373 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 1:13.66 loop0
32021 mailnull 17 0 42500 13m 2480 S 1 1.4 0:09.05 MailScanner
12720 nobody 16 0 56088 22m 12m S 1 2.3 0:04.67 httpd
12877 nobody 15 0 55068 23m 15m S 1 2.4 0:04.05 httpd
12725 nobody 15 0 54836 19m 11m S 1 2.0 0:04.01 httpd
12831 nobody 15 0 55468 25m 16m S 1 2.6 0:03.80 httpd
12859 nobody 15 0 54932 22m 14m S 1 2.3 0:03.75 httpd
7 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:28.61 events/1
30091 root 15 0 2828 520 452 D 0 0.1 0:45.08 syslogd
31213 mailnull 16 0 44896 14m 2472 S 0 1.5 0:13.50 MailScanner
12716 nobody 15 0 56016 24m 14m S 0 2.5 0:04.20 httpd
12774 nobody 15 0 56272 25m 16m S 0 2.6 0:04.76 httpd
12843 nobody 15 0 55156 23m 15m S 0 2.4 0:04.38 httpd
12851 nobody 15 0 56184 21m 11m S 0 2.2 0:03.58 httpd
12853 nobody 15 0 54888 22m 14m S 0 2.3 0:03.39 httpd
12864 nobody 16 0 54920 23m 14m S 0 2.4 0:04.43 httpd
13555 nobody 15 0 54492 21m 13m S 0 2.2 0:02.39 httpd
15385 nobody 16 0 52564 8388 2052 S 0 0.8 0:00.08 httpd
1 root 16 0 2260 396 368 S 0 0.0 0:06.43 init
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Jun 9, 2007
My troubles started about a month ago, on a Windows 2003 VPS (clean, no plesk/cpanel):
Every ting worked fine until, for no obvious reason, IIS started to consume too much memory, I tried separating sites (two) in separate application pools, adjusting recycle triggers - nothing worked, sooner or later worker processes would use too much memory and fail, only way to fix the problem was to restart it.
At this point I would like to mention that:
- MySQL is optimized for low memory usage (and task manager never said otherwise)
- PHP is limited to 20MB RAM, only few modules were enabled
- the only other application running is WinDNS, and it doesn't seam RAM hungry
So a few days ago I decided to kill IIS/app server role altogether and install apache, something I should have done long time ago.
Everything went smooth, VPS performance dramatically increased, memory usage was negotiable... at first.
As time goes by, apache consumed more memory (httpd.exe comes to about 80MB in 12 hours), it doesn't seam to be dependant on site traffic, and it doesn't drop, server didn't fail once yet and I have apache on scheduled graceful restarts every 24hrs.
I didn't try setting a MaxRequestsPerChild value, I'll keep that as a last option because I really want to get to the bottom of this
So... I suspect it could be PHP, the only thing that's common in both scenarios. I did upgrade to the latest version during Apache installation though.
VPS:
256MB RAM
Win 2003
Apache 2.2
PHP 5.2.3
MySQL 5.0
What could be causing this "leak"?
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Dec 26, 2008
I just got new server:
2.0 GHz, Xeon 5405 (Harpertown) (Quad Core) with CentOS 5 installed. It has 4 gigs of RAM.
I would like to optimize it for php/mysql based forum.
Any suggestions on how to tweak my.cnf or httpd.conf or anything else. My main goal is to optimize it for php/mysql.
I understand I can leave everything the way it is, but I would rather optimize my server, if I can.
Like should I install some kind of memory cache and if yes, which one? Should I edit default settings of PHP?
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Jun 24, 2007
if using the Internap FCP technology to optimize the routing. I want a feedback on it, since I want to deploy this solution for have a better traffict routing.
Also, is anyone using avaya? i have looked in their website, but I have no information about their routing optimizer. Basically I want to go beyond of normal BGP since I will be deploying VoIP services soon.
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Dec 11, 2007
just got a new server and got my site up and running on it perfectly but ive noticed its a bit slower than my old server and i think this is down to my incorrctly optimized mysql setup. ive used the my.cnf off my old server with some minor edits but im wondering what people can suggest i change for the following server spec
AMD Athlon 64 X2 4200+
2GB DDR2
120gb Sata hd
currently my my.cnf is as follows
Quote:
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# You can copy this file to
# /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this
# installation this directory is /var/lib/mysql) or
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
old-passwords
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
max_connections=1000
key_buffer = 1M
long_query_time = 5
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_limit = 64M
max_allowed_packet = 5M
table_cache = 2000
max_heap_table_size=32M
tmp_table_size=30M
thread_cache_size = 256
sort_buffer_size = 32M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 6M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 3M
open_files_limit = 50000
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
low_priority_updates = 1
#loonsies
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
according to mysql tuning primer it reports the following
Quote:
-- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER --
- By: Matthew Montgomery -
MySQL Version 4.1.20-log x86_64
Uptime = 0 days 17 hrs 52 min 44 sec
Avg. qps = 15
Total Questions = 1028682
Threads Connected = 1
Warning: Server has not been running for at least 48hrs.
It may not be safe to use these recommendations
To find out more information on how each of these
runtime variables effects performance visit:
[url]
Visit [url]
for info about MySQL's Enterprise Monitoring and Advisory Service
SLOW QUERIES
Current long_query_time = 5 sec.
You have 0 out of 1028694 that take longer than 5 sec. to complete
The slow query log is NOT enabled.
Your long_query_time seems to be fine
WORKER THREADS
Current thread_cache_size = 256
Current threads_cached = 3
Current threads_per_sec = 0
Historic threads_per_sec = 0
Your thread_cache_size is fine
MAX CONNECTIONS
Current max_connections = 1000
Current threads_connected = 1
Historic max_used_connections = 4
The number of used connections is 0% of the configured maximum.
You are using less than 10% of your configured max_connections.
Lowering max_connections could help to avoid an over-allocation of memory
See "MEMORY USAGE" section to make sure you are not over-allocating
MEMORY USAGE
Max Memory Ever Allocated : 243 M
Configured Max Per-thread Buffers : 41 G
Configured Max Global Buffers : 75 M
Configured Max Memory Limit : 41 G
Physical Memory : 1.90 G
Max memory limit exceeds 90% of physical memory
KEY BUFFER
Current MyISAM index space = 12 M
Current key_buffer_size = 1 M
Key cache miss rate is 1 : 14581
Key buffer fill ratio = 44.00 %
Your key_buffer_size seems to be too high.
Perhaps you can use these resources elsewhere
QUERY CACHE
Query cache is enabled
Current query_cache_size = 64 M
Current query_cache_used = 5 M
Current query_cache_limit = 64 M
Current Query cache Memory fill ratio = 8.42 %
Current query_cache_min_res_unit = 4 K
Query Cache is 15 % fragmented
Run "FLUSH QUERY CACHE" periodically to defragment the query cache memory
If you have many small queries lower 'query_cache_min_res_unit' to reduce fragmentation.
Your query_cache_size seems to be too high.
Perhaps you can use these resources elsewhere
MySQL won't cache query results that are larger than query_cache_limit in size
SORT OPERATIONS
Current sort_buffer_size = 32 M
Current record/read_rnd_buffer_size = 1020 K
Sort buffer seems to be fine
JOINS
Current join_buffer_size = 3.00 M
You have had 378 queries where a join could not use an index properly
You should enable "log-queries-not-using-indexes"
Then look for non indexed joins in the slow query log.
If you are unable to optimize your queries you may want to increase your
join_buffer_size to accommodate larger joins in one pass.
Note! This script will still suggest raising the join_buffer_size when
ANY joins not using indexes are found.
OPEN FILES LIMIT
Current open_files_limit = 50000 files
The open_files_limit should typically be set to at least 2x-3x
that of table_cache if you have heavy MyISAM usage.
Your open_files_limit value seems to be fine
TABLE CACHE
Current table_cache value = 2000 tables
You have a total of 908 tables
You have 102 open tables.
The table_cache value seems to be fine
TEMP TABLES
Current max_heap_table_size = 31 M
Current tmp_table_size = 30 M
Of 3666 temp tables, 0% were created on disk
Created disk tmp tables ratio seems fine
TABLE SCANS
Current read_buffer_size = 5 M
Current table scan ratio = 1544 : 1
read_buffer_size seems to be fine
TABLE LOCKING
Current Lock Wait ratio = 1 : 4664
You may benefit from selective use of InnoDB.
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Feb 20, 2007
I been logging queries for a whole 3 days and my logs is huge and the problem seems to be my phpBB search table thats causing such problems for me heres what I logged
Code:
# Time: 070219 19:41:53
# User@Host: admin_db[admin_db] @ localhost []
# Query_time: 11 Lock_time: 0 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 13274745
SELECT word_id
FROM phpbb_search_wordmatch
GROUP BY word_id
HAVING COUNT(word_id) > 259756;
Everything from phpbb_search_wordmatch takes more then 11 sec Query time.
How can I optimze this and lower the Query time to something like 1 or 2.
Some adivce would be helpful me not that good with mysql.
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Mar 13, 2007
PIV 2.8Ghz, 1GB Ram, MySQL 3.23, RHL E3.0
The servers load is vey bad, most of the time 7-8+ and the IO WAIT more than 60% which is decreasing server performace. Please help me to optimzie the MySQL specially. If you have the good my.cnf config please give me the complete config file.
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
safe-show-database
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextend
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
set-variable = connect_timeout=10
set-variable = interactive_timeout=100
set-variable = join_buffer_size=1M
set-variable = key_buffer=128M
set-variable = max_allowed_packet=16M
set-variable = max_connections=250
set-variable = max_connect_errors=10
set-variable = myisam_sort_buffer_size=16M
set-variable = table_cache=256
set-variable = thread_cache_size=32
set-variable = thread_concurrency=2
set-variable = wait_timeout=15
[mysqldump]
quick
set-variable = max_allowed_packet=16M
[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib
[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log-slow-queries = /var/log/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 5
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Jul 11, 2007
anyone have any tips on how to optimize WHM / cpanel to run at top performance on 256-512mb guaranteed VPS accounts?
I've had several VPS providers in the past, and each one of them run webpages and LAMP stuff fine, but as soon as I bring up cpanel /whm, it either crashes the VPS altogether, or cpanel and whm run very slow, choppy, pretty much bogging the whole VPS down, doesn't seem to matter if the VPS is running on 256 or 512, still same issues. I run on Virtuozzo, which I don't know if thats part of the problem, or not,
really all I use out of cpanel/ WHM is the standard things like
creating/deleting accounts
RVSkin, Fantastico
basically what a reseller would use. the rest of the stuff I do not use, so I was just wondering if there was a tutorial on how to strip down WHM / cpanel somehow so it would run better on VPS accounts? or if someone could write one up perhaps?
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Feb 18, 2008
I hope some of you folks could give me some pointers here. I have a server that is used for a gaming clan's purposes. Nothing major as far as games go, but what I got I want running at peak efficiency.
The most important is the Counter-Strike source. I really need the kernel frequency to be tweaked for this. The number one question is can I merely modify the existing config file and recompile that or do I need to start all over? If I could do that is it something like make old or something to that matter?
I am running a couple other servers as well, but there is never a time where all the servers have anyone in them. I keep everything running. After installing some weird stuffs here and there I got the memory usage to go down. I think. Regarding a scenario of having more than one instance of a game, is there any way to share memory between them?
My Swap. Is there a way to force idling games to move to it instead of using physical memory?
The kernel is what I really need to take care of. I'm still somewhat of a n00b and have just switched from centos to debian to top it off. So any tips would make my day. Thanks for reading me.
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May 7, 2009
Hi"Optimization of computing resources has long been an important management issue. One of its aspects concerns server scalability and the question of whether an organization should scale-up or scale out.Assume that the computing performance of the servers can be measured by variable 0 <=p, that their total cost is given by "c" and the relationship between server performance and cost is defined by c=αp^β"
a. What is the cost-performance elasticity(ђ), precisely?
b. What would be the range of values for ђ that would be expected by moore's law and what are its implications?
c. What would be the range of values for ђ that would lead managers to scale-out? Draw a graph and throughly explain the implications.
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Apr 9, 2009
someone to look at my DB and optimize it as it is running ridiculously high loads of 25. It is vbulletin. I'm only looking for professional companies for this job.
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